Research Article
A Survey on the Permanence of Finnish Students’ Arithmetical Skills and the Role of Motivation
Table 5
Means and standard deviations for the mathematics performance in the motivation clusters and education level groups (
= 386).
| Cluster 1 () | Cluster 2 () | Cluster 3 () | Total | | M | SD | | M | SD | | M | SD | M | SD |
| PK | 4.28 | 3.49 | PK | 10.03 | 4.34 | PK | 6.92 | 3.93 | 7.39 | 4.55 | MAB | 10.44 | 4.69 | MAB | 12.69 | 3.45 | MAB | 11.82 | 3.88 | 11.54 | 4.12 | MAA | 12.40 | 4.83 | MAA | 14.76 | 3.49 | MAA | 13.30 | 3.53 | 13.87 | 3.67 | UNIV | 9.50 | 4.23 | UNIV | 13.54 | 3.28 | UNIV | 11.46 | 4.11 | 11.95 | 4.07 |
| Total | 7.51 | 4.99 | Total | 12.26 | 4.17 | Total | 9.86 | 4.66 | 10.24 | 4.90 |
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