An International Reading Literacy Study: Factor Structure of the Chinese Version of the Student Questionnaire (PIRLS-SQCV 2011)

Table 2

Exploratory factor analysis for the PIRLS 2011 student questionnaire (PIRLS-SQCV 2011).

Items	Factor
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
G7A parents ask learning content						0.674
G7B talk homework with parents						0.720
G7C parents guarantee homework time						0.637
G7D parents check homework						0.586
G8A liking being in school							0.624
G8B feel safe in school							0.719
G8C feel belonged at school							0.842
G9A be made fun				0.624
G9B left out of activities				0.569
G9C spread lies about me				0.742
G9D something stolen from me				0.465
G9E hit or hurt by others				0.612
G9F made to do unwanted things				0.535
R1 time spent on outside school reading
R2A read for fun		0.860
R2B read things that I choose		0.828
R2C read to find something to learn		0.637
R3A read stories or novels		0.521
R3B read books that explain things
R3C read magazines
R3D read comic books
R3E read newspapers
R3F read TV transcripts
R4 frequency of borrowing books from library
R5A like the reading in school
R5B teachers provide interesting reading			0.617
R5C know teachers’ expectation			0.700
R5D think of unrelated things in class
R5E easy to understand teachers			0.616
R5F interested in teachers’ saying			0.732
R5G teachers give interesting things			0.678
R6A read silently alone										0.595
R6B read books I choose										0.740
R7A read only have to
R7B like talking about reading
R7C happy to receive books as gifts
R7D think reading boring									0.500
R7E want more time for reading									0.560
R7F enjoy reading									0.541
R8A read well								0.647
R8B reading is easy								0.730
R8C reading’s harder for me than classmates					0.771
R8D do not care how hard to read, if interesting
R8E have trouble with difficult words					0.575
R8F teachers positive feedback on reading
R8G reading’s harder than other subjects					0.725
R9A like reading for thinking	0.582
R9B important to be a good reader	0.749
R9C parents like me reading	0.685
R9D learn from reading	0.755
R9E read well for future	0.827
R9F like when books help imagine	0.678
Eigenvalues	11.83	3.37	2.96	2.09	1.78	1.61	1.28	1.16	1.14	1.06
% of variance	22.74	6.47	5.69	4.02	3.42	3.10	2.47	2.23	2.18	2.04
Cumulative %	22.74	29.22	34.91	38.93	42.35	45.45	47.92	50.15	52.33	54.37

Note. Extraction method: maximum likelihood. Rotation method: Promax with Kaiser Normalization (Kapper = 4). Rotation converged in 9 iterations. KMO = 0.93, < 0.000. Variables with factor loading of less than 0.40 are not shown to improve readability. Percentage of variance extracted by the ten factors was 54.37%. Coding of the items R5D, R7A, R7D, R8C, R8F, and R8G was reversed prior to EFA analysis for consistency.