Assessing the Effectiveness of Innovative Pedagogy and Lecture Method on Students Academic Achievement and Retention in Computer Programming

Table 1

The randomized pretest and posttest control group design.

Group	Non-R	Pretest	Treatment	Posttest	Retention
Experimental (E)	NR	O1	X	O2	O3
Control (C)	NR	O1	—	O2	O3

NR: nonrandom assignment of 145 second-year students; O1: pretest administered for experimental and control groups, respectively; O2: posttest administered for the control and experimental groups, respectively; O3: retention test administered for the experimental and control groups; X: treatment for innovative pedagogy; —: no treatment.