Learner Autonomy in L2 Writing: The Role of Academic Self-Concept and Academic Achievement

Table 4

Descriptive statistics for all variables on the LA questionnaire.

Factors of LA in writing	Mean	SD
Attitudes	72.06	6.31
Self-directedness	21.33	2.85
Motivation	12	1.94
Dependence on teacher	10.88	2.31
Self-efficacy	10.09	1.98
Self-regulation	17.75	2.67
Skills	37.91	5.74
Seeking peer help	13.12	3.11
Planning	7.22	1.58
Revision	17.58	2.88
Strategy use	50.32	5.89
Direct strategies	24.43	3.62
Social strategies	5.04	1.92
Metacognitive knowledge and strategies	20.99	3.27