Medical Students’ Perception of the Educational Environment at College of Medicine: A Prospective Study with a Review of Literature

Table 5

Mean (SD) DREEM scores of the domains differentiated as per gender and phase of education.

	Overall (n = 220)		Male (n = 142)		Female (n = 78)		value	Phase II (n = 144)		Phase III (n = 76)		value
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD		Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Students’ perception of learning (total)	30.16	8.95	29.56	8.68	31.26	9.37	0.180	28.97	8.33	32.42	9.67	0.006
SPL1. I am encouraged to participate in teaching sessions/class	2.01	1.46	1.94	1.443	2.13	1.480	0.370	1.85	1.426	2.32	1.472	0.023
SPL2. The teaching is often stimulating	2.69	1.16	2.68	1.146	2.72	1.205	0.799	2.66	1.141	2.75	1.212	0.586
SPL3 The teaching is student-centered	2.75	0.99	2.75	1.014	2.77	0.966	0.872	2.72	.994	2.83	.999	0.422
SPL4. The teaching helps to develop my competence	2.66	1.07	2.63	1.075	2.71	1.058	0.636	2.58	1.048	2.80	1.096	0.148
SPL5. The teaching is well focused	2.57	1.15	2.50	1.135	2.71	1.186	0.208	2.48	1.200	2.75	1.047	0.085
SPL6. The teaching helps to develop my confidence	2.49	1.20	2.49	1.195	2.49	1.225	0.994	2.31	1.231	2.83	1.076	0.001
SPL7. The teaching time is put to good use	2.40	1.25	2.30	1.249	2.59	1.242	0.104	2.24	1.274	2.72	1.150	0.006
SPL8. The teaching over emphasizes factual learning	2.62	1.11	2.61	1.103	2.64	1.116	0.856	2.56	1.102	2.75	1.109	0.216
SPL9. I am clear about the learning objectives of the course	2.72	1.17	2.62	1.225	2.90	1.052	0.079	2.67	1.217	2.80	1.083	0.422
SPL10. The teacher encourages me to be an active learner	2.58	1.12	2.49	1.135	2.73	1.077	0.132	2.49	1.128	2.75	1.085	0.096
SPL11. Long-term learning is emphasized over short-term learning	2.52	1.20	2.47	1.189	2.60	1.231	0.442	2.48	1.212	2.59	1.191	0.509
SPL12. The teaching is too teacher-centered	2.15	1.29	2.08	1.289	2.28	1.288	0.261	1.95	1.253	2.53	1.280	0.002
Students’ perception of teachers (total)	28.51	7.77	28.55	7.10	28.43	8.90	0.918	27.34	7.24	30.72	8.28	0.002
SPT1. The teachers are knowledgeable	3.08	1.15	3.10	1.027	3.05	1.347	0.788	3.04	1.200	3.16	1.046	0.476
SPT2. The teachers espouse a patient-centered approach to teaching	2.92	0.97	2.94	0.939	2.90	1.027	0.775	2.94	.952	2.88	1.006	0.648
SPT3. The teachers ridicule the students	2.05	1.35	2.00	1.342	2.13	1.361	0.501	1.85	1.366	2.42	1.236	0.002
SPT4. The teachers are authoritarian	2.43	1.20	2.42	1.144	2.45	1.306	0.845	2.26	1.245	2.75	1.047	0.002
SPT5. The teachers have good communication skills with patients	2.85	0.99	2.84	0.950	2.88	1.057	0.739	2.81	1.033	2.95	.893	0.312
SPT6. The teachers are good at providing feedback to students	2.64	1.10	2.54	1.102	2.81	1.070	0.086	2.51	1.177	2.88	.879	0.008
SPT7. The teachers provide constructive criticism here	2.58	1.11	2.57	1.020	2.59	1.263	0.908	2.53	1.176	2.66	.974	0.408
SPT8. The teachers give clear examples	2.81	1.11	2.74	1.109	2.94	1.097	0.208	2.73	1.117	2.96	1.076	0.141
SPT9. The teachers get angry in class	2.03	1.41	2.15	1.431	1.81	1.349	0.080	1.79	1.379	2.49	1.361	<0.001
SPT10. The teachers are well prepared for their classes	2.81	1.05	2.80	1.021	2.85	1.094	0.733	2.83	1.017	2.78	1.103	0.701
SPT11. The students irritate the teachers	2.31	1.32	2.46	1.270	2.04	1.372	0.024	2.05	1.276	2.80	1.265	<0.001
Students’ academic self-perception (total)	21.22	5.91	21.51	5.53	20.69	6.56	0.325	20.49	5.56	22.60	6.33	0.011
SASP1. Learning strategies which worked for me before, continue to work for me now	2.55	1.29	2.63	1.188	2.38	1.461	0.199	2.54	1.332	2.55	1.226	0.952
SASP2. I am confident about passing this year	3.13	0.96	3.24	.930	2.92	.990	0.019	3.15	.931	3.09	1.022	0.694
SASP3. I feel I am being well prepared for my profession	2.44	1.16	2.44	1.133	2.44	1.212	0.996	2.26	1.157	2.78	1.091	0.001
SASP4. Last year’s work has been a good preparation for this year’s work	2.54	1.10	2.56	1.055	2.51	1.181	0.780	2.38	1.128	2.84	.981	0.002
SASP5. I am able to memorize all I need	2.20	1.35	2.28	1.360	2.04	1.324	0.202	1.99	1.354	2.59	1.256	0.001
SASP6. I have learned a lot about empathy in my profession	2.67	1.09	2.68	1.076	2.65	1.115	0.885	2.58	1.119	2.83	1.012	0.111
SASP7. My problem-solving skills are being well-developed here	2.76	1.11	2.80	1.080	2.68	1.157	0.430	2.66	1.135	2.95	1.031	0.059
SASP8. Much of what I have to learn seems relevant to a career in healthcare	2.95	0.98	2.89	1.025	3.06	.873	0.199	2.94	.948	2.97	1.032	0.794
Students’ perception of atmosphere (total)	31.35	8.47	31.77	7.99	30.59	9.28	0.322	30.22	7.87	33.50	9.18	0.006
SPA1. The atmosphere is relaxed during the consultation/PBL sessions	2.92	1.18	3.06	1.037	2.67	1.374	0.031	2.97	1.179	2.83	1.182	0.416
SPA2. This program is well time-tabled	2.67	1.13	2.71	1.102	2.59	1.189	0.448	2.63	1.133	2.74	1.136	0.515
SPA3. Cheating is a problem in this program	2.13	1.37	2.21	1.309	1.99	1.481	0.266	1.92	1.412	2.54	1.205	0.001
SPA4. The atmosphere is relaxed during lectures	2.71	1.12	2.61	1.129	2.88	1.093	0.085	2.64	1.210	2.84	.925	0.166
SPA5. There are opportunities for me to develop interpersonal skills	2.75	1.11	2.76	1.110	274	1.122	0.914	2.64	1.210	2.97	.864	0.019
SPA6. I feel comfortable in class socially	2.92	1.09	2.96	1.091	2.86	1.102	0.523	2.85	1.118	3.07	1.037	0.159
SPA7. The atmosphere is relaxed during seminars/tutorials	2.75	1.12	2.74	1.109	2.78	1.158	0.789	2.72	1.161	2.82	1.055	0.558
SPA8. I find the experience disappointing	1.99	1.38	2.02	1.371	1.94	1.417	0.663	1.82	1.403	2.32	1.298	0.011
SPA9. I am able to concentrate well	2.73	1.14	2.80	1.089	2.62	1.230	0.263	2.61	1.171	2.96	1.051	0.026
SPA10. The enjoyment outweighs the stress of studying medicine	2.35	1.29	2.41	1.250	2.26	1.353	0.403	2.17	1.308	2.70	1.178	0.003
SPA11. The atmosphere motivates me as a learner	2.72	1.12	2.75	1.133	2.67	1.089	0.613	2.61	1.153	2.92	1.017	0.042
SPA12. I feel able to ask the questions I want	2.70	1.19	2.75	1.168	2.60	1.220	0.368	2.65	1.260	2.80	1.033	0.323
Students’ social self-perceptions (total)	18.39	4.84	18.54	4.59	18.11	5.27	0.532	18.25	4.22	18.65	5.85	0.591
SSSP1. There is a good support system for students who get stressed	2.59	1.33	2.60	1.255	2.56	1.456	0.860	2.63	1.300	2.51	1.381	0.553
SSSP2. I am too tired to enjoy this program/course	2.55	1.11	2.61	1.091	2.46	1.136	0.357	2.58	1.008	2.51	1.281	0.709
SSSP3. I am rarely bored on this program/course	2.05	1.26	2.04	1.231	2.06	1.313	0.902	1.97	1.240	2.20	1.286	0.207
SSSP4. I have good friends in this program/course	3.12	1.00	3.17	.960	3.03	1.081	0.312	3.02	1.061	3.30	.864	0.048
SSSP5. My social life is good	2.75	1.29	2.83	1.288	2.59	1.273	0.184	2.71	1.306	2.82	1.251	0.557
SSSP6. I seldom feel lonely	2.48	1.26	2.43	1.301	2.56	1.191	0.451	2.48	1.194	2.47	1.390	0.977
SSSP7. My accommodation is pleasant	2.86	1.06	2.87	1.026	2.85	1.129	0.894	2.87	1.026	2.84	1.132	0.864
Grand total	129.64	31.81	129.94	29.60	129.09	35.68	0.849	125.28	28.72	137.90	35.72	0.005

The bold numbers represent the overall scores of the DREEM tool, as per the demographics of the participants.