Current Challenges in School Leadership in Estonia and Finland: A Multiple-Case Study among Exemplary Principals

Table 3

Categories of growth-mindset pedagogy and their use by the principal.

	Raul, Tallinn, EST f	Kadri, Tartu, EST f	Jaakko, Helsinki, FIN f	Timo, Helsinki, FIN f	In total, EST/FIN f
Supporting individual learning processes
Growth mindset	2	3	4	3	5/7 = 12
Fixed mindset	2		3		2/3 = 5
					Total: 17
Persistence
Growth mindset	2	4	3	3	6/6 = 12
Fixed mindset			3		0/3 = 3
					Total: 15
Fostering-process-focused thinking
Growth mindset	2	3	1	3	5/4 = 9
Fixed mindset			3		0/3 = 3
					Total: 12
Promoting mastery orientation
Growth mindset	1	2	1	0	3/1 = 4
Fixed mindset			3		0/3 = 3
					Total: 7