A Study of First-Year Students’ Attitudes toward Programming in the Innovation in Educational Technology Course

Table 10

Pairwise comparisons of self-efficacy in programming among different learning performances.

Learning performances	M	High	Medium	Low
		3.85	3.35	2.38
High	3.85	—	0.50	1.47
Medium	3.35	−0.50	—	0.97
Low	2.38	−1.47	−0.97	—

Notes: .