Education Research International

Research Article

The Prevalence and Severity of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among Medical Undergraduate Students of Arsi University and Their Association with Substance Use, Southeast Ethiopia

Table 7

Bivariate logistic regression of factors associated with stress, N = 260, AU, January 2019.


Variables		Total N = 260	Stress		COR
Variables		Total N = 260	Yes N (%)	No N (%)	COR

Age	<20 years	66 (100.0)	34 (51.5)	32 (48.5)	2.07 (1.01–4.27)
	20–24 years	135 (100.0)	51 (37.8)	84 (62.2)	1.18 (0.62–2.25)
	>24 years	59 (100.0)	20 (33.9)	39 (66.1)	1.00

Sex	Male	164 (100.0)	58 (35.4)	106 (64.6)	0.57 (0.34–0.95)
Sex	Female	96 (100.0)	47 (49.0)	49 (51.0)	1.00

Monthly income	≤700 ETB	137 (100.0)	65 (47.4)	72 (52.6)	1.87 (1.13–3.10)
Monthly income	>700 ETB	123 (100.0)	40 (32.5)	83 (67.5)	1.00

Marital status	Single	196 (100.0)	72 (36.7)	124 (63.3)	0.55 (0.31–0.96)
Marital status	Married	64 (100.0)	33 (51.6)	31 (48.4)	1.00

Educational year	First year	44 (100.0)	15 (34.1)	29 (65.9)	1.03 (0.45–2.40)
	Second year	45 (100.0)	32 (71.1)	13 (28.9)	4.92 (2.09–11.61)
	Third year	39 (100.0)	10 (25.6)	29 (74.4)	0.69 (0.28–1.72)
	Fourth year	47 (100.0)	18 (38.3)	29 (61.7)	1.24 (0.55–2.81)
	Fifth year	31 (100.0)	12 (38.7)	19 (61.3)	1.26 (0.50–3.16)
	Sixth year	54 (100.0)	18 (33.3)	36 (66.7)	1.00

Residency	Nondormitory	22 (100.0)	15 (68.2)	7 (31.8)	3.52 (1.38–8.97)
Residency	Dormitory	238 (100.0)	90 (37.8)	148 (62.2)	1.00

Religion	Orthodox	130 (100.0)	50 (38.5)	80 (61.5)	0.83 (0.11–6.25)
	Muslim	64 (100.0)	29 (45.3)	35 (54.7)	0.63 (0.09–4.58)
	Protestant	62 (100.0)	24 (38.7)	38 (61.3)	0.63 (0.08–4.79)
	Others	4 (100.0)	2 (50.0)	2 (50.0)	1.00

Ethnicity	Oromo	139 (100.0)	55 (39.6)	84 (60.4)	0.22 (0.02–2.15)
	Amhara	71 (100.0)	28 (39.4)	43 (60.6)	0.22 (0.02–2.19)
	Sidama	6 (100.0)	4 (66.7)	2 (33.3)	0.67 (0.04–11.29)
	Tigre	14 (100.0)	6 (42.9)	8 (57.1)	0.25 (0.02–3.04)
	Wolayita	8 (100.0)	2 (25.0)	6 (75.0)	0.11 (0.01–1.78)
	Gurage	18 (100.0)	7 (38.9)	11 (61.1)	0.21 (0.02–2.47)
	Others	4 (100.0)	3 (75.0)	1 (25.0)	1.00

Khat chewing	Yes	56 (100.0)	30 (53.6)	26 (46.4)	1.99 (1.09–3.61)
Khat chewing	No	204 (100.0)	75 (36.8)	129 (63.2)	1.00

Cigarette smoking	Yes	40 (100.0)	22 (55.0)	18 (45.0)	2.02 (1.02–3.98)
Cigarette smoking	No	220 (100.0)	83 (37.7)	137 (62.3)	1.00

Alcohol drinking	Yes	88 (100.0)	46 (52.3)	42 (47.7)	2.10 (1.24–3.54)
Alcohol drinking	No	172 (100.0)	59 (34.3)	113 (65.7)	1.00

Reference category.