Research Article
Household Food Insecurity in Southeastern Iran: Severity and Related Factors
Table 1
Associations between household food insecurity and socioeconomic and demographic variables in the households studied (
).
| | Variable | Food-secure | Food-insecure without hunger | Food-insecure with moderate hunger | Food-insecure with severe hunger | Total | test
value |
| | Number (%) | | Occupation of head of household | | Unemployed | 10 (9.8) | 33 (32.4) | 30 (29.4) | 29 (28.4) | 102 (100) | <0.001 | | Worker | 57 (16.8) | 109 (32.1) | 114 (33.5) | 60 (17.6) | 340 (100) | | Driver | 53 (29.4) | 60 (33.3) | 46 (25.6) | 21 (11.7) | 180 (100) | | Professor/doctor/administrative and managerial occupations | 301 (60.2) | 131 (26.2) | 59 (11.8) | 9 (1.8) | 500 (100) | | Martial | 122 (60.7) | 59 (29.4) | 18 (9.0) | 2 (1.0) | 201 (100) | | Retired | 45 (57.7) | 26 (33.3) | 5 (6.4) | 2 (2.6) | 78 (100) | | Self-employed | 298 (40.6) | 254 (34.6) | 149 (20.3) | 33 (4.5) | 734 (100) | | Housekeeper (female heads of household) | 5 (20.0) | 12 (48.0) | 5 (20.0) | 3 (12.0) | 25 (100) | | Mother’s job | | Housekeeper | 664 (36.3) | 613 (33.5) | 397 (21.7) | 154 (8.4) | 1828 (100) | | | Employed | 227 (68.4) | 71 (21.4) | 29 (8.7) | 5 (1.5) | 332 (100) | Education of household head
Maternal education | | Illiterate | 10 (9.0) | 41 (36.9) | 34 (30.6) | 26 (23.4) | 111 (100) | | | 22 (14.8) | 51 (34.2) | 42 (28.2) | 34 (22.8) | 149 (100) | | Elementary | 58 (20.6) | 94 (33.3) | 86 (30.5) | 44 (15.6) | 282 (100) | | 110 (23.9) | 157 (34.1) | 125 (27.1) | 69 (15.0) | 461 (100) | | Secondary school | 34 (29.5) | 167 (36.8) | 116 (25.6) | 37 (8.1) | 454 (100) | | 138 (35.7) | 126 (32.6) | 100 (25.8) | 23 (5.9) | 387 (100) | | High school & diploma | 316 (40.0) | 273 (34.6) | 152 (19.3) | 48 (6.1) | 789 (100) | | 286 (42.4) | 231 (34.3) | 128 (19.0) | 29 (4.3) | 674 (100) | | University education | 373 (71.2) | 109 (20.8) | 38 (7.3) | 4 (0.8) | 524 (100) | | 335 (68.5) | 119 (24.3) | 31 (6.3) | 4 (0.8) | 489 (100) | | Having children under 18 | | Yes | 832 (40.7) | 635 (31) | 421 (20.6) | 158 (7.7) | 2046 (100) | | | No | 59 (51.7) | 49 (43.0) | 5 (4.4) | 1 (0.9) | 114 (100) | | Socioeconomic status | | Low | 267 (22.6) | 432 (36.5) | 341 (28.8) | 143 (12.1) | 1183 (100) | | | Moderate | 455 (59.1) | 225 (29.2) | 76 (9.9) | 14 (1.8) | 770 (100) | | High | 169 (81.6) | 27 (13.0) | 9 (4.4) | 2 (1.0) | 207 (100) | | Ethnicity of householder | | Fars (and other ethnicities) | 723 (48.2) | 461 (30.7) | 243 (16.2) | 73 (4.9) | 1500 (100) | | | Baluch | 168 (25.5) | 223 (33.8) | 183 (27.7) | 86 (13) | 660 (100) | | Total | 891 (41.2) | 684 (31.7) | 426 (19.7) | 159 (7.4) | 2160 (100) | |
| | Mean ± SD | | Household size | 4.32 ± 1.65 | 4.55 ± 1.79 | 5.06 ± 1.83 | 5.30 ± 1.83 | 4.61 ± 1.77 | | | Age of household head | 35.44 ± 9.45 | 34.35 ± 9.71 | 35.26 ± 9.61 | 37.57 ± 9.95 | 35.22 ± 9.61 | | | Maternal age | 8.84 ± 31.29 | 8.86 ± 30.28 | 7.98 ± 30.61 | 7.99 ± 32.69 | 8.64 ± 30.94 | |
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