Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Annatto Seeds, Evaluation of Their Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity, and Identification of Main Compounds by LC/ESI-MS Analysis

Table 1

The experimental matrix for the UAE of bioactive compounds from annatto seeds.

Treatment number	UAE; Treatment time; (min)	pH	Solvent Concentration; (%)	Seed-to solvent ratio; (1:X4)	UAE
					Polyphenol content; (mg AG/g seed); n=3			Bixin content (%); n=3
1	0.00	7.50	73.00	10.00	1.57	±	0.094	0.17	±	0.053
2	15.00	4.00	50.00	6.00	1.50	±	0.014	0.15	±	0.038
3	15.00	7.50	50.00	10.00	1.92	±	0.017	0.32	±	0.030
4	15.00	4.00	96.00	6.00	2.15	±	0.135	0.54	±	0.049
5	15.00	7.50	73.00	6.00	2.06	±	0.068	0.31	±	0.029
6	0.00	11.00	73.00	6.00	1.90	±	0.155	0.38	±	0.035
7	30.00	11.00	73.00	6.00	1.80	±	0.023	0.67	±	0.066
8	15.00	11.00	96.00	6.00	2.17	±	0.032	0.57	±	0.068
9	0.00	7.50	50.00	6.00	1.59	±	0.119	0.17	±	0.013
10	15.00	7.50	50.00	2.00	1.11	±	0.137	0.12	±	0.086
11	30.00	4.00	73.00	6.00	2.03	±	0.056	0.39	±	0.018
12	15.00	4.00	73.00	2.00	1.11	±	0.029	0.39	±	0.019
13	15.00	7.50	73.00	6.00	1.86	±	0.073	0.31	±	0.019
14	30.00	7.50	96.00	6.00	2.05	±	0.157	0.50	±	0.030
15	15.00	11.00	73.00	10.00	2.49	±	0.154	0.20	±	0.025
16	15.00	11.00	50.00	6.00	1.57	±	0.065	0.19	±	0.004
17	0.00	7.50	96.00	6.00	1.76	±	0.134	0.22	±	0.016
18	15.00	7.50	96.00	2.00	1.53	±	0.099	0.54	±	0.008
19	15.00	7.50	73.00	6.00	2.11	±	0.143	0.33	±	0.012
20	15.00	7.50	96.00	10.00	2.85	±	0.066	0.64	±	0.031
21	30.00	7.50	73.00	2.00	1.50	±	0.132	0.39	±	0.029
22	15.00	7.50	73.00	6.00	1.85	±	0.246	0.27	±	0.058
23	15.00	11.00	73.00	2.00	1.57	±	0.180	0.47	±	0.022
24	30.00	7.50	73.00	10.00	2.72	±	0.140	0.38	±	0.025
25	0.00	4.00	73.00	6.00	1.42	±	0.113	0.24	±	0.037
26	15.00	7.50	73.00	6.00	2.16	±	0.121	0.33	±	0.017
27	30.00	7.50	50.00	6.00	1.33	±	0.098	0.27	±	0.014
28	0.00	7.50	73.00	2.00	1.47	±	0.064	0.38	±	0.041
29	15.00	4.00	73.00	10.00	2.33	±	0.094	0.28	±	0.007
30	15.00	7.50	73.00	6.00	2.03	±	0.014	0.35	±	0.047

Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). UAE: ultrasound-assisted extraction; AG: gallic acid.