Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Annatto Seeds, Evaluation of Their Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity, and Identification of Main Compounds by LC/ESI-MS Analysis

Table 4

Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at different pHs against B. cereus and S. aureus and antioxidant activity of the extracts obtained by UAE and leaching.

Assay/extract		UAE	Leaching	MAE
Bacillus cereus	pH 11 (mg /L)	37	48	16
	pH 7 (mg /L)	37	48	16
	pH 4 (mg /L)	37	48	16
Staphylococcus aureus	pH 11 (mg /L)	9	48	8
	pH 7 (mg /L)	9	48	8
	pH 4 (mg /L)	9	48	8
Bixin	(%)	0.621	0.165	0.576
Polyphenols	mg AG/g seed	3.814	0.343	3.078
ABTS	μM Trolox/L extract	1035.652	174.782	577.68
FRAP	μM Trolox/L extract	424.700	127.033	316.37
DPPH	μM Trolox/L extract	1161.524	811.048	1043.90

Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). Different letters indicate statistically significant differences (p < 0.05).