Indigenous Subarctic Food Systems in Transition: Amino Acid Composition (Including Tryptophan) in Wild-Harvested and Processed Meats
Table 13
(a) Tryptophan Content in Waterfowl of Present Study and Previous Studies.
Common Name
Scientific Name or Domestic Variety
Protein (g•100g−1 sample)
Trp (g•100g−1 sample)
Trp (g•100g−1 protein)
Trp:LNAA
Canada Goose
Branta canadensis
24.78
0.31
1.27
1:21
Domestic Goose, breast
Garbonosa
21.96
0.24
1.11
1:22
Domestic Goose, thigh
Garbonosa
21.36
0.25
1.18
1:22
Domestic Goose, breast
Rypinska
21.82
0.22
0.99
1:29
Domestic Goose, thigh
Rypinska
21.17
0.25
1.20
1:25
Mallard Duck
Anas platyrhynchos
23.61
0.29
1.26
1:21
Domestic Duck, thigh
Pekin: 4 varieties
20.44-20.66
0.16-0.25
0.77-1.19
1:24
Domestic Duck, breast
Pekin: 5 varieties
19.53-28.77
0.15-0.24
0.70-1.25
1:26
a. Present study (birds samples were skinless and from the pectoral muscle) b. Okruszek et al. 2013 (Ba(OH)2, HPLC) [72] c. Woloszyn et al. 2011 (Ba(OH)2, HPLC) [40] d. Woloszyn et al. 2006 (Ba(OH)2, HPLC) [39]
(b) Tryptophan Content in Ungulates of the Present Study and Previous Studies.
Common Name
Scientific Name
Protein (g•100g−1 sample)
Trp (g•100g−1 sample)
Trp (g•100g−1 protein)
Trp:LNAA
Moose
Alces alces
21.84
0.24
1.12
1:23
Camel, various cuts averaged
Camelus dromedarius
19.88
0.12
0.60
1:44
Camel, liver
Camelus dromedarius
20.76
0.27
1.30
1:21
Camel, heart
Camelus dromedarius
16.79
0.13
0.75
1:36
Camel, kidneys
Camelus dromedarius
15.01
0.16
1.07
1:24
Deer
Cervus elaphus maral
18.71
0.18
0.94
nd
a. Present study (moose samples were skinless and from the hindquarter) b. Dawood and Alkanhal, 1995 (unknown, colorometric) [37] c. Okuskhanova et al. 2017 (organic acid, HPLC) [73]
(c) Tryptophan Content in Processed Meat of Present Study and Reported by USDA.
Food Type
Protein (g•100g−1 sample)
Trp (g•100g−1 sample)
Trp (g•100g−1 protein)
Trp:LNAA
Chicken nugget, unbreaded, uncooked
15.44
0.19
1.27
1:21
Chicken, commodity, canned, drained
27.52
0.32
1.17
1:21
Meatball
12.34
0.15
1.18
1:23
Sub Meat: pork, chicken, beef
17.83
0.19
1.03
1:24
Bologna, chicken and pork
10.31
0.08
0.79
1:31
Bologna, pork, turkey, beef
11.56
0.13
1.09
1:23
Pepperoni, beef and pork, sliced
19.25
0.23
1.19
1:21
Hot Dog, (pork)
15.76
0.16
1.04
1:24
Frankfurter (pork)
12.81
0.15
1.17
1:21
Klik Light (pork)
14.92
0.19
1.27
1:21
Luncheon meat, pork, canned
12.50
0.12
0.98
1:25
a. Present study (processed meats were right-from-the-package prior to home cooking and consumption) b. USDA 1980-2007 (unknown methods and sources) [66]
