Structures of Astaxanthin and Their Consequences for Therapeutic Application

Table 3

Second-order quenching rate constants for the quenching of singlet oxygen by astaxanthin.

Quenching rate constant; (kq, 10^8 M^–1 s^–1)	Method	Solvent	Ref.
5.9	Rose Bengal-sensitized photooxidation	DPP liposomes	[150]
0.19	Rose Bengal-sensitized photooxidation	Stearylamine and dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes	[151]
0.19	12-(1-Pyrene)-dodecanoic acid-sensitized photooxidation	Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes
140	Phenazine sensitization	Benzene	[152]
71.1	Thermal decomposition of 3-(1,4-epidioxy-4-methyl-1,4-dihydro-1-naphthyl) propionic acid as endoperoxide	Triton X-100 solution (5 wt%; 0.02 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4)	[153]
118	Thermal decomposition of 3-(1,4-epidioxy-4-methyl-1,4-dihydro-1-naphthyl) propionic acid as endoperoxide	Ethanol:chloroform:D2O (50 : 50 : 1, )	[154]
240	Thermodissociation of the endoperoxide of NDPO2	Ethanol/chloroform/H2O (50 : 50 : 1, )	[155]
22	Thermodissociation of the endoperoxide 1,4-dimethyl-naphthalene	CDCl3	[156]
(18)		(CDCl3/CD3OD (2 : 1, ))