Biodegradable Food Packaging Materials and Prospects of the Fourth Industrial Revolution for Tomato Fruit and Product Handling

Table 4

Application of sensors in tomato and fruits.

Sample	Objective	Sampling	Detection	Data processing	Reference
Tomato (heat wave)	Discrimination between ripeness states	SHS	Libra nose: 5 QMBs	PCA	Peris and Escuder-Gilabert [130]
Tomato (heat wave)	Discrimination between ripeness states	SHS	PEN 2: 10 MOS	PCA, LDA, and PLS	Peris and Escuder-Gilabert [130]
Heat wave	Discriminating shelf life during two storage treatments	SHS	PEN 2: 10 MOS	PCA, LDA, and PLS	Peris and Escuder-Gilabert [130]
Tomato plants	Diagnosis of aphid-infested tomato plants	SPME	GCMS-QP2010 SE	PCA	Cui et al. [162]
Tomato seedling	Detecting damage caused by mold and blight	SHS	PEN 2: 10 MOS	PCA, LDA, and BPNN	Cheng et al. [163]
Tomato fruit	Classification of odours	SHS	EN: 6 MOS	PCA	Kasbe et al. [164]
Date pits	Assessing stability of 32 sensors	PTHS	PEN: 32 sensors	PCA	Rahman et al. [165]
Tomato	Monitoring flavors	SHS	PEN3: 10 MOS	PCA, LDA	Xu et al. [166]
Tomato	Field phenotyping of key traits (SSC, glucose, fructose, TA, citric acid, ascorbic acid, malic acid, and lycopene)	ATR surface	DTGS	PLSR	Akpolat et al. [167]
Tomato	Evaluating ripening state	SHS	PEN2: 10 MOS	PCA	Gómez et al. [142]

PLSR: partial least squares regression; ATR: attenuated total reflectance; DTGS: deuterated-triglycine sulfate detector; SHS: static headspace; MOS: metal oxide sensors.