Effects of Enzymatic Liquefaction, Drying Techniques, and Wall Materials on the Physicochemical Properties, Bioactivities, and Morphologies of Zinc-Amaranth (Amaranthus viridis L.) Powders

Table 2

Properties of spray- and freeze-dried Zn-amaranth powders encapsulated with 10% (w/w) of different wall materials.

Drying method	Wall material	Process yield (%)	Moisture content (%)	Water activity,	Hygroscopicity (%)	Encapsulation efficiency (%)
Spray-drying	MD	^d	^a	^a	^b	^a
	RMD	^c	^a	^a	^ab	^c
	HICAP	^a	^a	^b	^a	^b
	CAP	^d	^a	^a	^b	^ab
	GA	^b	^a	^a	^ab	^ab
Freeze-drying	MD	^a	^b	^a	^c	^a
	RMD	^a	^b	^a	^b	^b
	HICAP	^d	^b	^b	^a	^b
	CAP	^b	^b	^a	^c	^a
	GA	^c	^a	^a	^c	^c

Data are expressed as the m of triplicates. Means with the same letter in each column mean not significantly different (, Tukey test). MD: maltodextrin; RMD: resistant maltodextrin; HICAP: HI CAP 100; CAP: Capsul; GA: gum Arabic.