Effects of Enzymatic Liquefaction, Drying Techniques, and Wall Materials on the Physicochemical Properties, Bioactivities, and Morphologies of Zinc-Amaranth (Amaranthus viridis L.) Powders

Table 3

Powder densities with Hausner ratio and Carr index values of spray- and freeze-dried Zn-amaranth powders encapsulated with 10% (w/w) of different wall materials.

Drying	Wall material	Particle size (μm)	Bulk density (g/mL)	Hausner ratio, HR	Carr’s index, CI (%)
Spray-drying	MD	^c	^bc	^a	^a
	RMD	^a	^a	^a	^a
	HICAP	^d	^cd	^a	^a
	CAP	^b	^d	^a	^a
	GA	^d	^ab	^a	^a
Freeze-drying	MD	^d	^b	^a	^a
	RMD	^a	^b	^a	^a
	HICAP	^b	^b	^a	^a
	CAP	^c	^b	^a	^a
	GA	^e	^a	^a	^a

Data are expressed as the of triplicates. Means with the same letter in each column mean not significantly different (, Tukey test). MD: maltodextrin; RMD: resistant maltodextrin; HICAP: HI CAP 100; CAP: Capsul; GA: gum Arabic.