Bioactive Substances in Safflower Flowers and Their Applicability in Medicine and Health-Promoting Foods

Table 1

The main components of the safflower flower extract.

Compound	Structure	Molecular formula	Molecular weight (g/mol)	Color (and form)	Source of information
Carthamine (syn. cartamin)		C43H42O22	910.8	Red powder	[120]
Precarthamine		C44H44O24	956.83	Yellow	[32]
Carthamidin		C15H12O6	288.25	Yellow	[120]
Carthamusin A		C24H28O8	444.474	White crystals	[17]
Cartormin		C27H29NO13	575.5	Yellow crystals	[120]
Isocartormin		C27H29NO13	575.5	Yellow needle crystals	[29]
Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA)		C27H32O16	612.5	Yellow	[120]
Anhydrosafflor yellow B (AHSYB)		C48H52O26	1044.9	Yellow	[120]
Safflomin C		C30H30O14	614.5	Yellow powder	[121]
Isosafflomin C		C30H30O14	614.5	Yellow	[122]
Safflor yellow A		C27H30O16	610.5	Yellow	[120]
Safflor yellow B (syn. safflomin B)		C48H54O27	1062.9	Yellow	[120]
Saffloroside		C22H22O12	478.403	Yellow crystals	[37]
Azaleatin		C16H12O7	316.26	Yellow crystals	[120]
Cinaroside		С21Н20О11	448.377	Light-yellow crystals	[120]
Guanosine		C10H13N5O5	283.24	White crystalline powder	[120]
Kaempferol		C15H10O6	286.24	Light yellow powder	[120]
Kaempferol 3-O-β-rutinoside (syn. nicotiflorin)		C27H30O15	594.5	Yellow, powder or crystals	[121]
Luteolin		С15Н10О6	286.2	Yellow crystals	[120]
Luteolin 5-methyl ether (syn. 5-O-methylluteolin)		C16H12O6	300.3	Yellow powder	[120]
Quercetin		C15H10O7	302.2	Yellow needle crystals	[121]
Stigmasterol		C29H48O	412.7	White powder	[120]
Syringin		C17H24O9	372.4	White crystals	[120]
Tinctormine		C27H31NO14	593.5	Yellow powder	[121]
β-Daucosterol (syn. sitogluside)		C35H60O6	576.8	White powder	[121]
6-Hydroxykaempferol 3-O-β-D-rutinoside		C27H30O16	610.5	Yellow powder	[121]
6-Hydroxykaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside-7-O-β-D-glucuronide		C27H28O17	624.5	Yellow	[38]