Salmonella Serovars, Antibiotic Resistance, and Virulence Factors Isolated from Intestinal Content of Slaughtered Chickens and Ready-to-Eat Chicken Gizzards in the Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria

Table 5

Multidrug resistance pattern of Salmonella species isolated from intestinal contents and ready-to-eat chicken gizzards.

No.	Antibiotic combination	Antibiotic groups	No. of isolates
3	CPR, CAZ, AMP	Quinone, cephalo, B-lactam	2
4	CPR, TE, CAZ, AMP	Quinone, cycline, cephalo	1
4	CPR, CAZ, AMP, OBS	Quinolone, cephalo, sulphona	2
4	CPR, RL, CAZ, AMP	Quinolone, B-lactam, cephalo	2
5	NA, CPR, TE, RL, CAZ	Quinolone, cycline, B-lactam, cephalo	1
5	CPR, TE, CAZ, AMP, OBS	Quinolone, cycline, cephalo, B-lactam, sulphona	1
5	NA, CPR, CAZ, AMP, OBS	Quinolone, cephalo, B-lactam, sulphona	2
5	CPR, RL, CAZ, AMP, OBS	Quinolone, B-lactam, cephalo, sulphona	2
5	NA, CPR, TE, CAZ, AMP	Quinolone, cycline, cephalo, B-lactam	2
5	CPR, TE, RL, CAZ, AMP	Quinolone, cycline, B-lactam, cephalo	1
6	NA, CPR, S, CAZ, AMP, OBS	Quinolone, aminogly, cephalo, B-lactam, sulphona	1
6	NA, CPR, TE, CAZ, AMP, OBS	Quinolone, cycline, cephalo, B-lactam, sulphona	1
6	CPR, TE, RL, CAZ, AMP, OBS	Quinolone, cycline, cephalo, B-lactam, sulphona	3
6	CPR, TE, S, RL, CAZ, AMP	Quinolone, cycline, aminogly, cephalo, B-lactam	1
6	GN, CPR, TE, S, CAZ, AMP	Quinolone, aminogly, cycline, cephalo, B-lactam	1
6	NA, CPR, TE, S, CAZ, AMP	Quinolone, cycline, aminogly, cephalo, B-lactam	1
6	NA, CPR, TE, RL, CAZ, AMP	Quinolone, cycline, B-lactam, cephalo	2
6	GN, CPR, TE, RL, CAZ, AMP	Quinolone, aminogly, cycline, B-lactam, cephalo	4
6	NA, CPR, S, RL, CAZ, AMP	Quinolone, aminogly, B-lactam, cephalo	1
6	CPR, TE, S, CAZ, AMP, OBS	Quinolone, cycline, cephalo, B-lactam, sulphona	1
7	GN, CPR, S, RL, CAZ, AMP, OBS	Quinolone, aminogly, B-lactam, cephalo, sulphona	1
7	NA, CPR, TE, RL, CAZ, AMP, OBS	Quinolone, cycline, B-lactam, cephalo, sulphona	2
7	NA, GN, CPR, TE, S, CAZ, AMP	Quinolone, aminogly, cycline, cephalo, B-lactam	1
7	NA, CPR, TE, S, RL, CAZ, AMP	Quinolone, cycline, aminogly, B-lactam, cephalo	2
7	NA, GN, CPR, TE, RL, CAZ, AMP	Quinolone, aminogly, cycline, B-lactam, cephalo	1
7	CPR, TE, S, RL, CAZ, AMP, OBS	Quinolone, cycline, aminogly, B-lactam, cephalo, sulphona	1
8	NA, GN, CPR, TE, S, RL, CAZ, AMP	Quinolone, aminogly, cycline, B-lactam, cephalo	3

B-lactams (ampicillin (AMP), cloxacillin (RL)), cephalosporins (ceftazidime (CAZ)), quinolones (nalidixic acid (NA), ciprofloxacin (CPR)), aminoglycosides (gentamycin (GN), streptomycin (S)), cycline (tetracycline (TE)), sulphonamides (sulphonamides (OBS)).