Hygienic Practices of Vendors and Their Contribution to Coliform, Salmonella, and Shigella Bacteria of Raw Milk at Asella Town, Oromia, Ethiopia

Table 3

The hygienic practice of milk vendors at Asella town, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2022 ().

Variables	Categories	Frequency (%)
Technique of milking	Washing teat	166 (79.0)
	Calf sucking	44 (21.0)
The habit of washing teat	No	50 (23.8)
	Yes	160 (76.2)
The habit of washing teats with detergent	No	120 (57.1)
	Yes	90 (42.9)
The practice of washing teats with tap water only	No	140 (66.7)
	Yes	70 (33.3)
Use of towel for drying udder	Common towel	123 (58.6)
	Using pure hand	63 (30.0)
	Do not wash udder	24 (11.4)
The presence of a separate place for milking cow	No	74 (35.2)
	Yes	136 (64.8)
Storage method before selling milk	At room temperature	122 (58.1)
	Use of refrigerator	88 (41.9)
The practice of washing hands before milking	No	77 (36.7)
	Yes	133 (63.3)
The presence of separate cloth to be used during milking	No	87 (41.4)
	Yes	123 (58.6)
Type of utensils	Aluminum and stainless steel	31 (14.8)
	Plastic	166 (79.0)
	Clay spot	6 (2.9)
	Traditional equipment	7 (3.3)
Source of water for cleaning utensils	Tap water	41 (19.5)
	River	11 (5.2)
	Spring water	6 (2.9)
	Pipe water	152 (72.4)
The practice of testing milk for bacterial contamination	No	161 (76.7)
	Yes	49 (23.3)
The presence of a separate vending environment	No	49 (23.3)
	Yes	161 (76.7)
The practice of sweeping the vending environment	No	65 (31.0)
	Yes	145 (69.0)
The practice of using detergents while sweeping the vending environment	No	138 (65.7)
	Yes	72 (34.3)
The presence of separate waste disposal	No	90 (42.9)
	Yes	120 (57.1)