Hygienic Practices of Vendors and Their Contribution to Coliform, Salmonella, and Shigella Bacteria of Raw Milk at Asella Town, Oromia, Ethiopia

Table 4

Factors associated with bacterial contamination of raw milk among milk vendors at Asella town, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2022 ().

Variables	Category	Percentage (no. of Pos/total)	COR (95% CI)	value	AOR (95% CI)	value
Sex	Male	25.5 (26/102)	1.2 (0.6, 2.26)	0.578
	Female	22.2 (24/108)	1	1
Level of education	No formal education	21.9 (7/32)	1.36 (0.4, 4.3)	0.460
	Elementary and secondary	26.3 (36/137)	1.7 (0.7, 4.2)	0.444
	Degree and above	17.1 (7/41)	1	1
Age (in years)	≤35	24.4 (30/123)	1.08 (0.56, 2.06)	0.814
	>35	23.0 (20/87)	1	1
The habit of washing teat	No	72.0 (36/50)	26.8 (11.7, 61)	<0.0001	77.3 (11.5,516)	<0.0001
	Yes	8.8 (14/160)	1	1	1
Washing teat with detergent	No	37.5 (42/112)	6.75 (2.98, 15)	<0.0001	0.9 (0.17, 4.64)	0.895
	Yes	8.2 (8/98)	1	1	1
Washing teat with only tap water	Yes	45.1 (32/71)	5.5 (2.79, 10.9)	<0.0001	26.1 (5.5, 123.5)	<0.0001
	No	12.9 (18/139)	1	1	1
Separate place for milking cow	No	48.6 (36/74)	8.25 (4.0, 16.9)	<0.0001	1.1 (0.21, 5.37)	0.949
	Yes	10.3 (14/136)	1	1	1
Storage method before selling milk	Room temperature	27.9 (34/122)	1.7 (0.889, 3.4)	0.104
	Use of refrigerator	18.2 (16/88)	1	1
Washing hands before milking	No	48.6 (36/77)	7.5 (3.7, 15.2)	0.002	3.5 (0.86, 14.02)	0.080
	Yes	10.3 (14/133)	1	1	1
Separate cloth is worn during milking	No	46.0 (40/87)	9.6 (4.4, 20.8)	0.001	39.98 (8.2, 196.0)	<0.0001
	Yes	8.1 (10/123)	1	1	1
The practice of testing milk for bacterial contamination	No	19.3 (31/161)	0.37 (0.19, 0.8)	0.005	0.19 (0.04, 0.83)	0.027
	Yes	138.8 (19/49)	1	1	1
Separate vending environment	No	53.1 (26/49)	6.45 (3.2, 13.1)	<0.0001	8.4 (1.11, 63.4)	0.039
	Yes	14.9 (24/161)	1	1	1
Sweeping vending environment	No	50.8 (33/65)	7.76 (3.8, 15.6)	<0.0001	0.3 (0.04, 2.08)	0.223
	Yes	11.7 (17/145)	1	1	1
Separate waste disposal	No	34.4 (31/90)	2.79 (1.45, 5.4)	0.002	1.69 (0.337, 8.5)	0.523
	Yes	15.8 (19/120)	1	1	1

1: reference category; COR: crude odd ratio; AOR: adjusted odd ratio.