Technological Properties of Wheat/Trifoliate Yam (Dioscorea dumetorum) Hardened Tubers Composite Flours

Table 2

Physicochemical and functional properties of wheat/hardened-yam composites flours.

Yam	Proteins (%)	Hagberg falling number (s)	Zeleny index (mL)	WSI (%)	WAC (%)	OAC (%)	EA (%)	ES (%)	Density (g/mL)	LGC (%)
Hardened
0%	11.17 ± 0.02	321 ± 1	31 ± 0.6	11.6 ± 0.1	106.0 ± 0.5	173.1 ± 0.9	46.6 ± 0.6	61.7 ± 0.4	0.66 ± 0.01	5.5 ± 0.7
10%	11.01 ± 0.02	204 ± 7	25 ± 0.5	18.4 ± 0.6	118.2 ± 0.4	176.1 ± 0.2	46.2 ± 0.7	46.0 ± 1.4	0.66 ± 0.01	6.5 ± 0.7
20%	10.86 ± 0.02	171 ± 1	23 ± 0.5	19.2 ± 0.2	130.0 ± 1.0	181.2 ± 0.0	44.9 ± 0.4	42.8 ± 1.1	0.63 ± 0.00	7.5 ± 0.7
30%	10.71 ± 0.01	151 ± 2	21 ± 0.3	20.2 ± 0.1	149.3 ± 2.0	186.2 ± 1.1	41.2 ± 0.7	38.9 ± 2.0	0.59 ± 0.00	8.5 ± 0.7
40%	10.56 ± 0.01	137 ± 7	19 ± 0.8	20.8 ± 0.8	166.3 ± 7.1	188.6 ± 0.3	38.7 ± 1.1	35.0 ± 2.4	0.56 ± 0.00	9.5 ± 0.7
50%	10.40 ± 0.01	135 ± 8	17 ± 0.5	21.8 ± 0.2	193.7 ± 4.7	190.7 ± 7.5	35.1 ± 0.3	31.0 ± 1.4	0.55 ± 0.01	10.5 ± 0.7
Hardened-treated with kanwa
0%	11.17 ± 0.02	321 ± 1	31 ± 0.6	11.6 ± 0.1	106.0 ± 0.5	173.1 ± 0.9	46.6 ± 0.6	61.7 ± 0.4	0.66 ± 0.01	5.5 ± 0.7
10%	10.90 ± 0.02	307 ± 4	21 ± 0.5	17.7 ± 0.3	123.2 ± 3.5	174.2 ± 3.5	42.6 ± 1.0	55.2 ± 1.7	0.67 ± 0.00	8.0 ± 0.0
20%	10.63 ± 0.02	303 ± 3	18 ± 1.1	18.3 ± 0.0	135.1 ± 2.6	176.2 ± 3.8	38.9 ± 1.6	53.9 ± 2.7	0.64 ± 0.01	6.5 ± 0.7
30%	10.36 ± 0.01	301 ± 4	16 ± 1.6	18.8 ± 0.3	155.0 ± 6.2	180.7 ± 0.9	34.7 ± 1.7	55.1 ± 1.6	0.63 ± 0.01	5.5 ± 0.7
40%	10.10 ± 0.01	302 ± 0	14 ± 0.5	19.3 ± 0.5	178.9 ± 7.0	183.3 ± 0.6	31.3 ± 1.9	55.2 ± 0.7	0.61 ± 0.01	5.5 ± 0.7
50%	9.83 ± 0.01	308 ± 13	13 ± 0.5	20.1 ± 0.4	211.0 ± 0.0	188.3 ± 1.7	28.4 ± 1.3	54.8 ± 0.2	0.59 ± 0.00	5.5 ± 0.7
Hardened-fermented
0%	11.17 ± 0.02	321 ± 1	31 ± 0.6	11.6 ± 0.1	106.0 ± 0.5	173.1 ± 0.9	46.6 ± 0.6	61.7 ± 0.4	0.66 ± 0.01	5.5 ± 0.7
10%	11.05 ± 0.02	129 ± 0	26 ± 0.5	20.0 ± 0.2	120.2 ± 0.2	176.5 ± 11.0	46.5 ± 0.5	49.0 ± 1.3	0.67 ± 0.01	7.5 ± 0.7
20%	10.93 ± 0.02	74 ± 2	24 ± 0.5	21.2 ± 0.2	136.9 ± 0.7	183.1 ± 1.7	45.4 ± 0.6	47.0 ± 1.5	0.64 ± 0.01	9.5 ± 0.7
30%	10.81 ± 0.01	64 ± 1	22 ± 0.3	22.1 ± 0.1	165.5 ± 1.5	192.5 ± 0.3	42.4 ± 1.5	45.8 ± 1.1	0.61 ± 0.00	11.5 ± 0.7
40%	10.69 ± 0.01	62 ± 0	20 ± 0.8	23.3 ± 0.6	211.6 ± 4.9	200.3 ± 0.1	40.2 ± 0.2	42.8 ± 0.2	0.61 ± 0.01	12.0 ± 0.0
50%	10.57 ± 0.01	62 ± 1	18 ± 0.5	23.9 ± 0.4	249.6 ± 1.8	207.5 ± 0.5	38.5 ± 1.3	41.6 ± 2.2	0.53 ± 0.00	13.5 ± 0.7

Mean ± SD, .
Means of the same column for each treatment having different superscripts are significantly different at according to Duncan test.