Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) and Quince (Cydonia oblonga L.) Juices and Their By-Products as Ingredients Showing Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties for Chewing Candy: Nutraceutical Formulations

Table 2

Antimicrobial activity of buckthorn and quince juices and their 363 by-products.

Microorganisms	J		BP
	Bu	Qu	Bu	Qu
	Inhibition zones, mm
Klebsiella pneumoniae	14.0 ± 0.3^d	13.0 ± 0.3^c	8.0 ± 0.4^a	10.0 ± 0.3^b
Salmonella enterica	11.0 ± 0.2^b	8.0 ± 0.2^a	11.0 ± 0.3^b	8.0 ± 0.4^a
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	23.0 ± 0.4^b	23.0 ± 0.3^b	20.0 ± 0.2^a	20.0 ± 0.2^a
Acinetobacter baumannii	20.0 ± 0.5^c	22.0 ± 0.3^d	16.0 ± 0.1^a	19.0 ± 0.3^b
Proteus mirabilis	25.0 ± 0.6^c	26.0 ± 0.4^c,d	20.0 ± 0.2^a	23.0 ± 0.4^b
MRSA	22.0 ± 0.3^c	22.0 ± 0.2^c	17.0 ± 0.2^a	18.0 ± 0.2^b
Enterococcus faecalis	25.0 ± 0.4^c	23.0 ± 0.3^b	18.0 ± 0.3^a	18.0 ± 0.2^a
Enterococcus faecium	20.0 ± 0.3^b	22.0 ± 0.3^c	18.0 ± 0.2^a	22.0 ± 0.4^c
Bacillus cereus	29.0 ± 0.5^c	30.0 ± 0.7^d	25.0 ± 0.5^a	26.0 ± 0.5^a,b
Experimental design	Bacillus cereus		MRSA
Proteus mirabilis	Klebsiella pneumoniae		Pseudomonas aeruginosa

J: juice; BP: juice by-products; Bu: sea buckthorn; Qu: quince; C: control; MRSA: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Data expressed as means () ± standard deviation (SD). ^a–dMean values with different letters are significantly different when .