Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) and Quince (Cydonia oblonga L.) Juices and Their By-Products as Ingredients Showing Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties for Chewing Candy: Nutraceutical Formulations
Table 3
Hardness, colour coordinates, and overall acceptability of gummy candies.
GC
Texture, mJ
Colour coordinates
Overall acceptability
L
a
b
A
AC
0.20 ± 0.01a
46.05 ± 4.32d
1.57 ± 0.28c
13.63 ± 1.44e
85.3 ± 4.2a
A + Bu J
0.27 ± 0.05a
28.42 ± 4.55a
3.72 ± 0.21e
13.30 ± 2.18e
114.7 ± 9.5d
A + Bu BP
1.00 ± 0.01d
27.27 ± 1.49a
2.38 ± 0.23d
13.20 ± 1.35e
131.7 ± 10.7f
A + Qu J
0.43 ± 0.06b
31.39 ± 1.98b
0.94 ± 0.16a
10.88 ± 1.05c
107.0 ± 12.1d
A + Qu BP
0.80 ± 0.01c
27.40 ± 0.81a
0.96 ± 0.06a
10.08 ± 0.39b
124.0 ± 10.4e
A + Bu BP + Xy
1.00 ± 0.01d
28.30 ± 1.23a
2.34 ± 0.17d
13.04 ± 1.14e
147.7 ± 2.3g
G
GC
2.07 ± 0.15e
48.45 ± 1.46e
1.56 ± 0.32c
7.55 ± 1.52a
90.4 ± 5.1b
G + Bu J
3.13 ± 0.12h
49.44 ± 0.16e
3.93 ± 0.39e
27.44 ± 2.15f
108.7 ± 22.9d
G + Bu BP
1.97 ± 0.25e
34.60 ± 0.88c
0.94 ± 0.11a
12.49 ± 0.21d
99.3 ± 17.6b,c
G + Qu J
2.70 ± 0.11g
58.81 ± 4.53f
2.29 ± 0.17d
12.74 ± 1.04d
132.0 ± 7.8f
G + Qu BP
2.53 ± 0.01f
46.60 ± 0.96d
1.30 ± 0.14b
7.54 ± 0.32a
96.3 ± 6.7b
G + Qu J + Xy
2.67 ± 0.09f
58.62 ± 3.21f
2.26 ± 0.12d
12.68 ± 0.93d
142.0 ± 3.6g
Influence of different texture-forming agents (A or G), different plants (Bu or Qu), and J or BP C of plants on gummy candy parameters
Source
Dependent variable
Mean square
F
A or G
Texture
26.520
2501.853
0.0001
Colour coordinates
L
1433.441
252.122
0.0001
a
0.043
0.837
0.371
b
1.222
0.708
0.410
Overall acceptability
199.180
1.217
0.283
Bu or Qu
Texture
0.003
0.287
0.598
Colour coordinates
L
253.110
44.519
0.0001
a
11.261
216.690
0.0001
b
216.300
125.212
0.0001
Overall acceptability
21.094
0.129
0.723
J or C
Texture
0.020
1.871
0.186
Colour coordinates
L
425.884
74.884
0.0001
a
10.534
202.689
0.0001
b
158.672
91.852
0.0001
Overall acceptability
70.384
0.430
0.519
A or G × Bu or Qu
Texture
0.011
1.022
0.324
Colour coordinates
L
146.718
25.806
0.0001
a
3.197
61.524
0.0001
b
77.508
44.868
0.0001
Overall acceptability
550.084
3.362
0.082
A or G × J or C
Texture
2.214
208.900
0.0001
Colour coordinates
L
205.686
36.177
0.0001
a
2.653
51.055
0.0001
b
153.167
88.665
0.0001
Overall acceptability
2503.084
15.297
0.001
Bu or Qu × J or C
Texture
0.149
14.041
0.001
Colour coordinates
L
1.109
0.195
0.663
a
4.234
81.462
0.0001
b
34.058
19.715
0.0001
Overall acceptability
313.204
1.914
0.182
A or G × Bu or Qu × J or C
Texture
0.683
64.475
0.0001
Colour coordinates
L
5.881
1.034
0.321
a
0.154
2.956
0.101
b
33.773
19.550
0.0001
Overall acceptability
313.204
1.914
0.182
GC: gummy candies; A: agar; C: control; G: gelatin; J: juice; BP: juice by-products; Bu: sea buckthorn; Qu: quince; Xy: xylitol. L: lightness; a: redness (−a: greenness); b: yellowness (−b: blueness). Data are represented as means () ± SD. a–gMean values with different letters are significantly different when .