Journal of Food Quality

Research Article

Quality Parameters, Volatile Composition, and Sensory Profiles of Highly Endangered Spanish Citrus Fruits

Table 3

Retention indexes [8] and sensory descriptors [9–11] of the volatile compounds of endangered Spanish sour (SoLi) and sweet (SwLi) limes and sweet lemon (SwLe).


Compounds	Material	Retention indexes^†			Descriptors
Compounds	Material	Exp	Exp	Lit	Descriptors

Aldehydes
Hexanal	J, P	803	801	800	Green
2-Hexenal	J, P	853	853	848	Green, apple, sweet
Heptanal	J	904	-	903	Hay, green
2-Heptenal	J	961	-	951	Lemon, green, apple
Octanal	J, P	1006	1009	1006	Citrus, fruity, honey
2-Octenal	J	1061	-	1056	Herbaceous, green
Nonanal	J, P	1110	1128	1104	Citrus, lime, lemon
2-Nonenal	J, P	1164	1185	1159	Waxy, fatty
2-Decenal	J, P	1267	1277	1278	Citrus, floral, waxy
Perillaldehyde	J, P	1290	1300	1291	Green, oily
Undecanal	P	-	1313	1310	Orange, rose, fatty
(E,E)-2,4-Decadienal	P	-	1327	1316	Butter, spicy
Dodecanal	J, P	1412	1414	1420	Floral, sweet, herbaceous

Esters
Isoamyl acetate	J, P	880	871	876	Banana, pear, sweet
Hexyl acetate	J, P	1008	1009	1010	Sweet, floral, apple
Heptyl acetate	J	1083	-	1085	Citrus, pear, apricot
Linalyl acetate	J, P	1250	1260	1257	Floral, fruity, sweet
Bornyl acetate	J, P	1294	1303	1289	Woody, sweet
Nonyl acetate	P	-	1315	1311	Fruity, gardenia
Carvyl acetate	J	1326	-	1333	Sweet, green, minty
p-Menth-1-en-9-yl acetate	J, P	1354	1356	NA
Decyl acetate	J, P	1408	1410	1408	Orange, pineapple, rose

Lineal hydrocarbons
Tetradecane	P	-	1400	1400	Mild waxy

Aliphatic alcohols, ketones
1-Octanol	J, P	1077	1084	1072	Citrus, woody, waxy
Carvone	J	1256	-	1248	Minty, herbaceous

Phenolic compounds			-
2-(2-Propenyl)-phenol	J	1185	-	1157

Sesquiterpenes
E-β-Caryophyllene	J, P	1437	1443	1428	Woody, spicy
β-Bergamotene	J, P	1422	1424	1436
α-Bergamotene	J, P	1442	1445	1446	Woody
α-Humulene	P	-	1474	1468	Woody
β-Santalene	P	-	1472	1476	Woody
(E,Z)-α-Farnesene	P	-	1456	1477	Lime, green, apple
γ-Curcumene	P	-	1486	1488
α-Farnesene	P	-	1496	1505	Lime, green, lavender
E-α-Bisabolene	J, P	1507	1508	1506
β-Bisabolene	J, P	1515	1521	1508	Balsamic, woody
γ-Bisabolene	P	-	1548	1525

Monoterpenes
α-Thujene^‡	J, P	930	932	923	Woody, green, herb
α-Pinene	J, P	941	941	933	Woody
Camphene	P		961	953	Vanilla
Sabinene	J, P	980	985	973	Woody, citrus, green
β-Pinene	J,P	990	992	981	Woody
α-Terpinene	J, P	1024	1012	1014
p-Cymene	J	1034		1027	Citrus
Limonene	J, P	1040	1066	1033	Lemon, orange, sweet
β-Phellandrene	J	1042		1034	Herbaceous
E-β-Ocimene	J	1046		1042	Sweet, herbal
γ-Terpinene	J, P	1064	1076	1059	Herbaceous, citrus
α-Terpinolene	J, P	1094	1100	1084	Woody, sweet, pine
Borneol	J	1172		1165	Balsamic, pine, woody
δ-Terpineol	J, P	1183	1197	1167	Pine, floral

Monoterpenoids
1,8-cineole	J	1043	-	1035	Citrus, fruity, sweet
Z-Sabine hydrate	P		1086	1073	Balsamic
Linalool	J, P	1108	1113	1098	Lemon, orange, sweet
Limonene oxide	J	1146		1138	Lemon, orange, sweet
Citronellal	J, P	1155	1165	1154	Lemon, green, sweet
Terpinen-4-ol	J, P	1193	1209	1184
α-Terpineol	J	1209		1193	Lilac
Nerol	P		1236	1239	Citrus
Neral	J, P	1245	1248	1235	Lemon
Geranial	J, P	1273	1285	1277	Lemon
Citronellyl acetate	J	1348		1354	Lemon, citrus, rose
Neryl acetate	J, P	1359	1362	1365	Lemon, lime, orange
Geranyl acetate	J, P	1378	1382	1382	Fruity, sweet, rose

J = juice; P = peel; RT = retention time; Exp = experimental; and Lit = literature. All compounds were identified using retention indexes, mass spectra, and retention time of standards. References [9–11].