Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Berry Seeds: Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity

Table 3

Content of carotenoids in cloudberry, black currant, and bilberry seed oils extracted by SFE at different temperatures and by hexane extraction.

Oils	mg/100 g oil				mg/100 g seeds
	Lutein	β-carotene	Carotene equivalents	Total	Total
Cloudberry 50°C	0.9 ± 0.00^a	4.3 ± 0.10^g	31.3 ± 0.09^f	36.5 ± 0.18^f	1.2 ± 0.01^d
Cloudberry 80°C	0.2 ± 0.00^a	2.6 ± 0.03^e	34.9 ± 0.14^g	37.7 ± 0.16^g	2.5 ± 0.01^e
Cloudberry Hx	n.d.	3.4 ± 0.04^f	53.5 ± 0.09^h	57.0 ± 0.06^h	5.9 ± 0.01^h
Black currant 50°C	12.1 ± 0.02^e	n.d.	4.8 ± 0.02^b	16.9 ± 0.02^e	0.3 ± 0.00^a
Black currant 80°C	10.1 ± 0.07^d	1.4 ± 0.0^d	1.7 ± 0.01^d	13.2 ± 0.09^c	0.8 ± 0.01^c
Black currant Hx	30.8 ± 0.12^f	1.5 ± 0.02^d	5.6 ± 0.13^e	38.0 ± 0.23^g	3.8 ± 0.03^g
Bilberry 50°C	2.4 ± 0.01^b	0.1 ± 0.00^a	0.4 ± 0.00^a	2.8 ± 0.02^a	0.4 ± 0.00^ab
Bilberry 80°C	3.2 ± 0.03^c	0.3 ± 0.01^b	0.6 ± 0.01^a	4.1 ± 0.05^b	0.5 ± 0.01^b
Bilberry Hx	12.1 ± 0.56^e	0.9 ± 0.03^c	2.6 ± 0.02^c	15.6 ± 0.57^d	2.9 ± 0.13^f

Results are mean values ± standard deviation of triplicates, and different letters within the same column indicate significant difference () according to ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test; n.d. = not detected.