Research Article

Effects of Partial Replacement of Pork Meat with Chicken or Duck Meat on the Texture, Flavor, and Consumer Acceptance of Sausage

Table 1

Attributes, definitions, reference preparations, reference products, and reference intensities for sausage descriptive analysis.

AttributeDefinitionReference preparationReference productIntensity

Appearance
 Amount of fat globuleAmount of fat in sausage sectionCutting (thickness: 12.5 mm, diameter: 26 mm, globular shape)The healthy ham (CJ CheilJedang Co., Seoul, Republic of Korea)10
Taste and flavor
 SweetFundamental taste sensation of which sugar is typical3% sugar solution (w/v)White sugar (Samyang Co., Seoul, Republic of Korea)3
 SaltyFundamental taste sensation of which salt is typical0.47% sodium chloride solution (w/v)Hanju salts (Hanju Salt Co., Ulsan, Republic of Korea)8
 SourFundamental taste sensation of which citric acid is typical0.06% citric acid solution (w/v)Citric acid (Sigma-Aldrich, LLC, St. Louis, MO, USA)3
 UmamiFundamental taste sensation of which monosodium glutamate or other nucleotides are typical0.22% MSG solution (w/v)Mono sodium glutamate (ES Food, Gunpo, Republic of Korea)5
 Meat flavorAromatics associated with meatCutting (thickness: 12.5 mm, diameter: 26 mm, globular shape)Roast ham (Nonghyup Moguchon, Seoul, Republic of Korea)9
 Sausage spiceAromatics associated with sausage spice5% sausage spice solution (w/v)Sausage spice (HS Newtech, Daegu, Republic of Korea)15
 RancidityAromatics associated with rancid oilCutting (thickness: 12.5 mm, diameter: 26 mm, globular shape)The healthy ham (CJ CheilJedang Co., Seoul, Republic of Korea)2
Texture
 Hardness Resistance strain when force is appliedCutting (thickness: 12.5 mm, diameter: 26 mm, globular shape) Delicatessen (CJ CheilJedang Co., Seoul, Republic of Korea)7
Real delicious sausage (CJ CheilJedang Co., Seoul, Republic of Korea)3
 SpringinessReturns to original shape, stretchiness, tendency to act like a rubber band after manipulationCutting (thickness: 12.5 mm, diameter: 26 mm, globular shape) Delicatessen (CJ CheilJedang Co., Seoul, Republic of Korea)8
Real delicious sausage (CJ CheilJedang Co., Seoul, Republic of Korea)2.5
 Cohesiveness Slightly gelled feeling, maintains formCutting (thickness: 12.5 mm, diameter: 26 mm, globular shape) Roast ham (Nonghyup Moguchon, Seoul, Republic of Korea)5
88 fruitful sausage (CJ CheilJedang Co., Seoul, Republic of Korea)9
 Chewiness Chewing times before swallowingCutting (thickness: 12.5 mm, diameter: 26 mm, globular shape) Delicatessen (CJ CheilJedang Co., Seoul, Republic of Korea)7
Real delicious sausage (CJ CheilJedang Co., Seoul, Republic of Korea)2
 Juiciness Tendency to release product moisture in mouthCutting (thickness: 12.5 mm, diameter: 26 mm, globular shape) Roast ham (Nonghyup Moguchon, Seoul, Republic of Korea)9
Real delicious sausage (CJ CheilJedang Co., Seoul, Republic of Korea)2
 OilinessTendency to release product oil in mouthCutting (thickness: 12.5 mm, diameter: 26 mm, globular shape)Roast ham (Nonghyup Moguchon, Seoul, Republic of Korea)8
Spam (CJ CheilJedang Co., Seoul, Republic of Korea)12