Characterization of Volatile Compounds of Bulgur (Antep Type) Produced from Durum Wheat

Table 3

Volatile flavor compounds of Durum wheat and Antep type bulgur.

RT (min)	Compounds	MW (g/mol)	Average percent ratio (%)		Odor
			Wheat	Bulgur
	Carboxylic acids
27.27	Acetic acid	60	2.90 ± 0.14	n.a.	Vinegar
41.23	Hexanoic acid	116	5.96 ± 1.52	1.84 ± 1.03	Unpleasant
46.65	Octanoic acid	144	0.83 ± 0.15	0.49 ± 0.17	Fruity acid
48.92	Nonanoic acid	158	4.88 ± 1.3	4.86 ± 0.81	Fatty
51.04	Decanoic acid	172	0.59 ± 0.14	0.98 ± 0.5	Rancid
54.85	Benzoic acid	122	n.a.	1.51 ± 0.31	Odorless
	Aldehydes
10.55	Hexanal	100	2.36 ± 0.79	4.49 ± 0.8	Grassy
21.52	2-Heptenal	112	n.a.	0.60 ± 0.12	Pungent green vegetable fresh fatty
24.39	Nonanal	142	1.52 ± 1.21	13.47 ± 2.37	Rose-orange
25.83	Octanal	128	1.42 ± 0.56	0.76 ± 0.33	Fruity
27.32	Furfural	96	n.a.	0.98 ± 0.14	Almond-like
28.29	Decanal	156	n.a.	2.32 ± 0.58	Pleasant
29.39	Benzaldehyde	106	0.79 ± 0.18	2.31 ± 0.28	Bitter almond
29.65	2-Nonenal	140	0.66 ± 0.24	2.71 ± 0.89	Rose-orange
34.56	1-Nonenal	144	2.68 ± 0.76	n.a.	Rose-orange
34.83	2-Octenal	182	0.65 ± 0.33	0.92 ± 0.60	Fatty green herbal
56.58	Vanillin	152	0.10 ± 0.05	0.34 ± 0.03	Pleasant aromatic, vanilla
	Alcohols
12.28	Ethylbenzene	106	0.48 ± 0.11	0.21 ± 0.07	Pungent
16.28	1-Butanol	146	0.70 ± 0.49	n.a.	Mildly alcoholic odor
18.27	Pentanol	88	2.38 ± 0.07	0.25 ± 0.19	Mild to moderately strong
22.84	Hexanol	102	17.82 ± 1.26	0.46 ± 0.39	Sweet alcohol, pleasant
26.57	1-Octen-3-ol	128	1.11 ± 0.49	0.69 ± 0.23	Alcohols
28.32	4-Ethylcyclohexanol	128	1.07 ± 0.42	n.a.	Magnolia muguet floral lily
30.39	1-Octanol	130	2.35 ± 0.28	0.26 ± 0.13	Fresh orange rose
42.11	Benzene methanol	108	0.66 ± 0.16	0.38 ± 0.05	Almond-like
	Phenols
42.95	2,6-Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl phenol	220	3.47 ± 1.58	n.a.	Phenolic
45.48	Phenol	94	0.63 ± 0.09	0.66 ± 0.05	Sweet, tarry
49.62	2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol	150	n.a.	0.34 ± 0.07	Dry woody
	Esters
27.00	2-Pentyl ester	184	2.14 ± 1.04	n.a.	Weak odor of bananas
	Furans
17.18	2-Pentyl furan	138	2.80 ± 0.64	0.75 ± 0.12	Ethereal
	Hydrocarbons
6.94	Decane	142	n.a.	6.44 ± 2.88
8.23	Chloroform	118	0.38 ± 0.04	0.25 ± 0.16	Pleasant
8.82	4-Methylcyclopentene	92	0.45 ± 0.27	n.a.	Hydrocarbon odor
12.94	O-xylene	106	1.28 ± 0.23	0.50 ± 0.33	Sweet
14.97	Benzene	106	0.51 ± 0.05	n.a.	Gasoline-like
15.43	Dodecane	170	5.72 ± 2.28	32.81 ± 0.65	Mild aliphatic hydrocarbon
17.92	Heptacosane	380	n.a.	1.18 ± 0.01
18.50	Styrene	104	7.06 ± 1.04	7.20 ± 1.42	Sweet, floral
19.70	Hexadecane	282	1.81 ± 0.97	1.19 ± 0.19	Odorless
20.07	Heptadecane	296	5.83 ± 2.78	n.a.	Fuel-like
26.78	1-Octene	112	3.45 ± 0.99	n.a.	Gasoline
	Ketones
3.32	Propanone	58	1.22 ± 0.48	2.37 ± 0.48	Sweetish
4.72	2-Butanone	72	0.20 ± 0.08	n.a.	Acetone-like
22.12	6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one	126	0.62 ± 0.48	0.27 ± 0.16	Powerful, fatty, green
24.96	3-Octen-2-one	126	0.76 ± 0.13	n.a.	Earthy
29.17	3,5-Octadien-2-one	124	0.76 ± 0.15	4.34 ± 1.62	Fatty fruity hay, green herbal
34.39	Acetophenone	120	0.55 ± 0.1	n.a.	Sweet pungent
	Lactone
47.09	2(3H)-Furanone	154	0.8 ± 0.13	0.13 ± 0.09	Strong of coconut
	Terpene
29.99	Beta-linalool	154	0.73 ± 0.35	n.a.	Bergamot oil and French lavender
	Phthalic anhydride
55.88	Isobutyl phthalate	278	n.a.	0.31 ± 0.12	Odorless
	Alkanes
5.65	Methane	45	0.38 ± 0.23	n.a.	n.a.
13.50	Cyclopropane	84	0.22 ± 0.18	n.a.	n.a.
	Other
8.88	Unknown		n.a.	0.45 ± 0.07	Odorless
31.84	Unknown		0.54 ± 0.20	n.a.	n.a.
35.91	Unknown		5.95 ± 3.36	n.a.	n.a.
44.13	Unknown		0.77 ± 0.20	n.a.	n.a.

RT: retention time, MW: molecular weight. Odor classification was obtained from PubChem (2017).