Research Article
Functional Composition, Nutritional Properties, and Biological Activities of Moroccan Spirulina Microalga
Table 4
Phenolic and flavonoid compounds determined in the Spirulina-evaluated samples (mg/kg).
| | Phenolic acids | Spirulina | Molecular formula | Molecular weight (M) | HPLC-ESI/MS (m/z) | | RT (min) | [M-H]− |
| | Quinic acid | 844.17 ± 42.21 | C7H12O6 | 192.167 | 0.51 | 191.120 | | Citric acid | 64.06 ± 3.20 | C6H8O7 | 192.123 | 0.63 | 191.102 | | Pyrogallol | 0.42 ± 0.02 | C6H6O3 | 126.111 | 0.64 | 125.024 | | Succinic acid | 1122.88 ± 56.14 | C4H6O4 | 118.088 | 0.65 | 117.018 | | Gallic acid | 2.13 ± 0.11 | C7H6O5 | 170.022 | 0.66 | 168.90 | | Chlorogenic acid | 0.86 ± 0.04 | C16H18O9 | 354.311 | 0.83 | 353.202 | | 3,4-Hydroxybenzoic acid | 687.07 ± 34.35 | C7H6O4 | 154.121 | 0.95 | 153.010 | | 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid | 1.07 ± 0.05 | C7H6O3 | 138.122 | 1.30 | 137.050 | | Catechin | 584.53 ± 29.22 | C15H14O6 | 290.271 | 1.63 | 289.064 | | Vanillic acid | 16.24 ± 0.81 | C8H8O4 | 168.148 | 2.12 | 167.036 | | 4-Hydroxycinnamic acid | 0.12 ± 0.01 | C9H8O3 | 164.160 | 2.21 | 163.042 | | Rutin | 0.93 ± 0.05 | C27H30O16 | 610.153 | 2.63 | 609.1 | | 3-Hydroxycinnamic acid | 0.15 ± 0.01 | C9H8O3 | 164.160 | 2.98 | 163.042 | | Ferulic acid | 0.48 ± 0.02 | C10H10O4 | 194.186 | 3.12 | 193.050 | | Quercetin | 0.01 ± 0.00 | C15H10O7 | 302.238 | 3.48 | 301.000 | | 2-Hydroxycinnamic acid | 0.31 ± 0.02 | C9H8O3 | 164.160 | 3.65 | 163.042 | | Salicylic acid | 0.08 ± 0.003 | C7H6O3 | 138.122 | 3.68 | 137.025 | | Rosmarinic acid | 0.18 ± 0.01 | C18H16O8 | 360.318 | 4.01 | 359.054 | | Resveratrol | 0.10 ± 0.005 | C14H12O3 | 228.247 | 5.83 | 227.072 | | Quercitrin | 0.04 ± 0.00 | C21H20O11 | 448.38 | 5.99 | 447.120 | | 4-Hydroxycoumarin | ND | C9H8O3 | 164.160 | ND | 163.042 | | Aesculin | ND | C15H16O9 | 340.284 | ND | 339.072 | | Epigallocatechin gallate | ND | C22H18O11 | 458.375 | ND | 457.078 | | Esculetin | ND | C9H6O4 | 178.143 | ND | 177.018 | | Kaempferol | ND | C15H10O6 | 286.239 | ND | 285.040 | | Luteolin | ND | C15H10O6 | 286.239 | ND | 285.040 | | Malic acid | ND | C4H6O5 | 134.087 | ND | 133.014 | | Syringic acid | ND | C9H10O5 | 198.174 | ND | 197.045 | | 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid | ND | C7H6O3 | 138.122 | ND | 137.025 | | Benzoic acid | ND | C7H6O2 | 122.123 | ND | 121.031 | | Caffeic acid | ND | C9H8O4 | 180.159 | ND | 179.035 | | Epicatechin | ND | C15H14O6 | 290.271 | ND | 289.064 | | Hesperetin | ND | C16H14O6 | 302.282 | ND | 301.015 | | Hesperidin | ND | C28H34O15 | 610.565 | ND | 609.172 | | Naringenin | ND | C15H12O5 | 272.256 | ND | 271.061 | | Naringin | ND | C27H32O14 | 580.539 | ND | 579.173 | | Pyrocatechol | ND | C6H6O2 | 110.112 | ND | 109.028 | | Sinapic acid | ND | C11H12O5 | 224.212 | ND | 223.061 | | Tannic acid | ND | C76H52O46 | 1701.206 | ND | 1700.080 |
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ND: not detected.
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