Effects of Ultrasound Processing on Physicochemical Parameters, Antioxidants, and Color Quality of Bayberry Juice

Table 1

Effects of ultrasound processing on pH, TSS, TA, color, and BD in bayberry juice.

Ultrasound intensity (W/cm^2)	Time (min)	Temperature (°C)	pH	TA (%)	TSS (°Brix)	Color attributes				BD
									ΔE
Control		25	2.85 ± 0.02a	0.57 ± 0.01a	9.2 ± 0.1a	32.88 ± 0.64a	15.99 ± 0.38c	−2.68 ± 0.06a	—	0.227 ± 0.004a
TP treatment		90	2.84 ± 0.03a	0.57 ± 0.02a	9.4 ± 0.01a	30.63 ± 0.74c	13.44 ± 0.41f	−3.11 ± 0.08b	2.86 ± 0.05	0.276 ± 0.007h
90	2	29.5 ± 0.8	2.85 ± 0.01a	0.56 ± 0.02a	9.2 ± 0.1a	32.69 ± 0.49a	16.06 ± 0.41bc	−2.56 ± 0.01a	0.21 ± 0.05	0.230 ± 0.005a
	4	34.3 ± 1.9	2.84 ± 0.01a	0.56 ± 0.01a	9.3 ± 0.1a	32.66 ± 0.41a	15.99 ± 0.84c	−2.64 ± 0.13a	0.22 ± 0.03	0.231 ± 0.003ab
	6	40.3 ± 1.5	2.86 ± 0.02a	0.58 ± 0.02a	9.3 ± 0.1a	32.70 ± 0.37a	16.24 ± 0.55b	−2.68 ± 0.06a	0.30 ± 0.01	0.233 ± 0.003b
	8	45.6 ± 2.8	2.85 ± 0.03a	0.57 ± 0.01a	9.2 ± 0.1a	32.06 ± 0.88ab	15.96 ± 0.67c	−2.75 ± 0.08a	0.83 ± 0.01	0.236 ± 0.004bc
	10	48.4 ± 1.6	2.86 ± 0.02a	0.57 ± 0.02a	9.1 ± 0.1a	31.68 ± 0.44b	15.78 ± 0.18c	−2.74 ± 0.06a	1.23 ± 0.04	0.238 ± 0.004c
180	2	32.5 ± 1.4	2.84 ± 0.01a	0.56 ± 0.02a	9.3 ± 0.2a	32.85 ± 0.43a	16.19 ± 0.39b	−2.62 ± 0.03a	0.21 ± 0.06	0.231 ± 0.004ab
	4	36.4 ± 2.2	2.83 ± 0.03a	0.58 ± 0.02a	9.2 ± 0.1a	32.59 ± 0.44a	16.28 ± 0.22b	−2.73 ± 0.01a	0.66 ± 0.02	0.234 ± 0.004b
	6	43.1 ± 0.9	2.84 ± 0.02a	0.55 ± 0.01a	9.2 ± 0.1a	32.31 ± 0.59a	16.41 ± 0.64ab	−2.65 ± 0.02a	0.70 ± 0.02	0.239 ± 0.006c
	8	47.5 ± 2.5	2.86 ± 0.02a	0.56 ± 0.01a	9.4 ± 0.1a	32.25 ± 1.28a	15.71 ± 0.45c	−2.74 ± 0.03a	0.70 ± 0.04	0.241 ± 0.006cd
	10	52.8 ± 1.9	2.85 ± 0.02a	0.58 ± 0.02a	9.3 ± 0.1a	31.98 ± 0.64ab	15.55 ± 0.72d	−2.67 ± 0.04a	0.99 ± 0.02	0.245 ± 0.003de
271	2	34.2 ± 1.1	2.84 ± 0.02a	0.57 ± 0.02a	9.4 ± 0.1a	32.72 ± 0.99a	16.15 ± 0.61bc	−2.67 ± 0.05a	0.23 ± 0.03	0.233 ± 0.008b
	4	38.7 ± 1.7	2.84 ± 0.03a	0.57 ± 0.01a	9.3 ± 0.1a	32.35 ± 0.72a	16.28 ± 0.45b	−2.61 ± 0.07a	0.60 ± 0.02	0.236 ± 0.003c
	6	46.3 ± 1.9	2.87 ± 0.02a	0.56 ± 0.02a	9.3 ± 0.1a	32.19 ± 1.09a	15.79 ± 0.51c	−2.72 ± 0.03a	0.81 ± 0.04	0.241 ± 0.005 cd
	8	50.5 ± 1.2	2.83 ± 0.02a	0.58 ± 0.01a	9.2 ± 0.1a	31.99 ± 0.65ab	15.78 ± 0.83c	−2.71 ± 0.01a	0.92 ± 0.03	0.246 ± 0.004de
	10	55.6 ± 2.6	2.85 ± 0.02a	0.57 ± 0.01a	9.1 ± 0.1a	31.67 ± 0.78b	15.45 ± 0.39 cd	−2.74 ± 0.05a	1.34 ± 0.03	0.249 ± 0.007e
362	2	35.3 ± 0.8	2.83 ± 0.03a	0.56 ± 0.02a	9.1 ± 0.1a	32.62 ± 0.42a	16.74 ± 0.44ab	−2.69 ± 0.06a	0.79 ± 0.01	0.234 ± 0.005b
	4	41.4 ± 1.4	2.85 ± 0.02a	0.58 ± 0.01a	9.2 ± 0.1a	32.38 ± 1.42a	16.58 ± 0.48b	−2.68 ± 0.02a	0.78 ± 0.02	0.239 ± 0.005c
	6	49.3 ± 0.9	2.84 ± 0.01a	0.57 ± 0.01a	9.3 ± 0.1a	32.11 ± 0.66a	15.84 ± 0.37c	−2.74 ± 0.09a	0.79 ± 0.04	0.246 ± 0.010de
	8	53.5 ± 1.9	2.85 ± 0.01a	0.58 ± 0.02a	9.1 ± 0.1a	31.89 ± 0.65ab	15.22 ± 0.61d	−2.76 ± 0.02a	1.26 ± 0.03	0.253 ± 0.005f
	10	59.4 ± 2.3	2.84 ± 0.03a	0.56 ± 0.01a	9.2 ± 0.1a	31.56 ± 0.63b	14.95 ± 0.59d	−2.76 ± 0.03a	1.69 ± 0.04	0.257 ± 0.005f
452	2	38.5 ± 1.2	2.85 ± 0.02a	0.57 ± 0.01a	9.2 ± 0.1a	32.51 ± 0.62a	17.16 ± 0.74a	−2.72 ± 0.01a	1.22 ± 0.04	0.238 ± 0.001c
	4	45.6 ± 0.8	2.84 ± 0.02a	0.57 ± 0.01a	9.3 ± 0.1a	32.25 ± 0.86a	16.81 ± 0.65a	−2.72 ± 0.04a	1.03 ± 0.03	0.249 ± 0.006ee
	6	51.4 ± 2.2	2.85 ± 0.02a	0.58 ± 0.02a	9.2 ± 0.1a	31.79 ± 0.46ab	16.26 ± 0.47b	−2.71 ± 0.01a	1.12 ± 0.02	0.255 ± 0.003f
	8	57.5 ± 1.6	2.86 ± 0.02a	0.56 ± 0.02a	9.3 ± 0.1a	31.57 ± 0.70b	15.38 ± 0.42d	−2.69 ± 0.03a	1.44 ± 0.03	0.259 ± 0.005f
	10	61.2 ± 2.1	2.87 ± 0.01a	0.57 ± 0.01a	9.2 ± 0.1a	31.19 ± 0.68b	14.42 ± 0.54e	−2.70 ± 0.02a	2.33 ± 0.06	0.264 ± 0.005f

All data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 6). Values with different letters within one column are significantly different ().