Enhanced Duration of Truffle Sauce Preservation due to Addition of Linoleic Acid

Table 2

Identification and quantification of VOCs.

No.

Component

P1.C (%)

P1.1 (%)

P1.2 (%)

P2.C (%)

P2.1 (%)

P2.2 (%)

P3.C (%)

P3.1 (%)

P3.2 (%)

P4.C (%)

P4.1 (%)

P4.2 (%)

1

Dimethyl sulfide

0.25^h

0.23^h

0.2^gh

0.22^h

0.19^fg

0.17^f

0.18^fg

0.16^e

0.13^d

0.12^c

0.1^b

0.07^a

2

n-Octane

2.54^g

1.33^cd

1.96^f

0.3^a

1.24^cd

2.16^fg

0.76^b

1.6^de

2.61^g

0.89^b

1.34^cd

2.61^g

3

Acetone

5.8^c

—

—

1^a

—

—

1.32^ab

—

—

1.47^b

—

—

4

2-Butanone

1.16^a

0.47^a

1.18^a

1.9^a

8.95^cd

6.47^b

7.02^bc

9.96^d

8.1^cd

8.2^cd

6.71^b

6.51^b

5

2-Methyl-butanal

4.43^a

1.44^a

5.71^a

7^a

23.17^cd

12.39^b

24.69^cd

21.21^cd

19.58^c

37.07^e

26.97^d

23.5^chd

6

3-Methyl-butanal

—

—

—

2.8^b

—

—

—

—

—

0.39^a

—

—

7

Ethanol

3.05^c

3.47^cd

1.68^b

0.2^a

4.61^ef

0.91^ab

5.09^f

4.02^de

4.25^ef

—

—

5.09^f

8

n-Pentanal

0.78^bc

0.98^cd

1.12^cd

1.2^d

0.8^bc

0.65^ab

1.69^e

0.3^a

1.12^cd

2.39^f

1.3^de

0.99^bbc

9

α-Pinene

0.92^ef

0.82^ef

0.48^ab

0.7^de

0.71^de

0.38^a

0.49^bc

0.74^ef

0.64^cd

0.95^f

0.67^cd

0.41^a

10

2-Butanol

11.03^c

7.41^b

6.34^b

1.8^a

1.43^a

1.06^a

1.03^a

1.17^a

1.11^a

1.82^a

1.5^a

1.2^a

11

Camphene

3.83^d

—

—

1.2^c

—

0.48^ab

—

—

0.37^ab

0.52^b

0.26^ab

0.55^b

12

n-Hexanal

0.95^ab

—

1^ab

1.3^ab

0.59^ab

9.16^c

0.29^a

0.24^a

0.59^ab

0.34^ab

0.49^ab

1.01^ab

13

Dimethyl disulfide

0.05^c

0.05^c

0.03^b

0.05^c

0.05^c

0.03^b

0.03^b

0.02^ab

0.01^a

0.03^b

0.03^b

0.01^a

14

β-Pinene

0.23^d

—

—

—

0.11^bc

—

—

0.08^ab

—

0.07^a

0.14^c

—

15

Ethylbenzene

—

—

—

1.2^a

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

16

m-Xylene

—

—

—

1.8^a

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

17

o-Xylene

0.21^a

—

—

7^b

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

18

1-Butanol

0.32^cd

—

0.44^d

0.8^e

—

0.36^cd

0.24^ab

—

—

0.23^a

—

0.23^a

19

α-Phellandrene

0.11^a

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

20

β-Myrcene

0.44^f

0.32^dee

0.35^de

0.7^g

0.2^b

—

0.27^bc

—

—

0.26^ab

0.37^ef

—

21

Limonene

0.88^a

0.85^a

1.21^b

1.8^c

0.74^a

0.87^a

0.67^a

0.73^a

0.74^a

0.68a

0.82^a

0.85^a

22

1,8-Cineole

4.35^e

4.45^e

2.84^bc

4.7^e

3.72^cd

2.46^ab

3.6^bc

3.78^cd

2.93^bc

3.02^cd

4.21^de

2.35^a

23

Isopentyl alcohol

2.38^f

2.36^f

1.28^e

0.5^cd

0.27^bc

0.17^bc

—

—

—

0.4^bc

0.69^d

0.26^bc

24

2-Pentyl-furan

0.53^a

0.51^a

4.59^bc

0.5^a

0.49^a

14.92^d

0.43^a

0.53^a

2.83^b

0.53^a

0.65^a

5.59^c

25

γ-Terpinene

0.68^a

0.83^a

0.59^a

0.7^a

0.6^a

1.68^b

0.73^a

0.82^a

0.72^a

0.64^a

0.73^a

0.67^a

26

(E)-β-Ocimene

1.25^bc

2.31^d

2.86^de

1^bc

0.64^a

2.97^f

0.7^ab

0.65^a

0.87^bc

0.56^a

0.71^ab

1.39^c

27

3-Octanone

0.9^cd

1.08^de

1.57^f

1^cd

0.82^cd

1.37^ef

0.73^ab

0.97^cd

0.94^cd

0.63^a

0.91^cd

1.14^de

28

1-Pentanol

0.54^bc

0.72^d

0.72^d

0.7^cd

0.38^ab

0.32^a

0.43^ab

0.43^ab

0.4^ab

0.3^a

0.41^ab

0.45^ab

29

p-Cymene

0.16^a

—

0.4^b

0.5^bc

0.51^bc

0.55^c

0.43^bc

0.53^bc

0.48^bc

0.41^bc

0.46^bc

0.53^bc

30

Hexyl acetate

—

0.08^ab

0.17^c

—

0.06^a

0.21^d

—

—

—

—

0.09^bc

0.1^bc

31

Terpinolene

—

0.25^a

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

32

n-Octanal

0.45^c

0.55^cd

0.51^cd

0.6^d

0.44^cd

0.44^cd

0.44^cd

0.4^cd

0.39^cd

0.35^a

0.41^cd

0.45^cd

33

(3Z)-hexen-1-ol acetate

1.6^cd

1.81^d

1.15^ab

1.4^cd

1.39^cd

0.92^a

1.34^bc

1.44^cd

1.1^ab

1.06^ab

1.34^bc

0.91^a

34

2-Heptenal

1.17^d

1.14^d

0.95^d

0.5^bc

0.5^bc

0.52^bc

0.67^bc

0.4^a

0.32^a

0.47^ab

0.69^bc

0.71^c

35

6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one

0.07^ba

—

0.28^cd

0.4^e

0.16^c

—

—

0.17^c

—

0.15^bc

—

0.35^e

36

n-Hexanol

3.23^b

3.58^b

10.18^c

1.2^a

0.9^a

0.57^a

1.01^a

0.43^a

0.65^a

0.65^a

1.03^a

0.49^a

37

3-Hexen-1-ol

1.88^g

2.14^g

1.02^de

1.5^f

0.23^a

0.71^b

1.35^ef

1.1^de

0.93^cd

1.2^ef

1.33^ef

0.7^bc

38

n-Nonanal

0.86^a

0.76^a

1.5^cd

1.8^d

1.3^c

1.4^cd

1.55^cd

1.82^d

1.66^cd

1.27^bc

1.4^cd

1.44^cd

39

3-Octanol

1.15^ab

1.88^c

1.32^b

1.1^ab

1.09^ab

1.14^ab

1^ab

1.15^ab

1.03^ab

0.84^a

1^ab

0.99^ab

40

(Z)-2-Hexen-1-ol

0.5^a

0.71^bc

1.23^e

0.9^cd

0.64^ab

1.11^e

0.57^ab

0.64^ab

0.75^bc

0.45^a

0.5^a

1.07^de

41

Acetic acid

1.77^de

1.97^e

1.34^cd

1.8^de

1.58^de

1.17^bc

1.23^bc

1.4^cd

1.2^bc

1.07^ab

1.3^bc

0.93^a

42

1-Octen-3-ol

9.46^de

7.92^cd

5.74^a

10^e

8.45^de

6.22^bc

8.22^de

6.78^bc

6.39^ab

7.35^bc

7.98^de

6.24^ab

43

3-Furaldehyde

2.17^bc

2.13^ab

1.46^a

4.1^f

3.14^ef

3.59^ef

3.88^ef

3.4^ef

3.18^ef

2.54^cd

2.88^de

2.93^de

44

α-Copaene

1.05^de

1.23^e

0.9^cd

1.9^g

1.22^de

0.68^a

1.27^ef

0.87^bc

0.69^a

1.19^de

1.56^f

0.76^ab

45

Camphor

3.14^a

3.17^a

3.04^a

5.9^d

5.28^cd

4.63^cd

5.22^cd

5.57^cd

4.74^cd

4.21^bc

4.79^cd

3.89^ab

46

1-Octanol

1.06^e

—

0.94^de

0.8^cd

—

—

0.48^b

0.62^bc

0.45^b

0.52^b

—

0.64^bc

47

(E,E)-3,5-Octadien-2-one

—

1.39^d

—

0.3^b

0.53^c

0.65^c

0.21^b

0.03^a

0.22^b

—

0.69^c

—

48

Bornyl acetate

—

0.48^c

—

—

0.29^b

0.54^c

—

0.19^a

0.45^c

—

0.32^b

0.53^c

49

2,3-Butanediol

0.48^e

0.13^a

0.24^cd

0.3^e

0.26^e

0.21^cd

0.3^e

0.22^cd

0.16^bc

0.17^bc

0.19^bc

0.13^a

50

(E)-Caryophyllene

0.76^e

0.94^f

0.5^cd

0.6^de

0.57^cd

0.37^ab

0.59^d

0.56^cd

0.41^bc

0.48^cd

0.53^cd

0.34^a

51

2-Undecanone

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

0.15^a

52

Terpinen-4-ol

0.34^e

0.37^e

—

0.3^de

0.25^cd

—

0.2^bc

0.19^bc

—

0.16^b

0.18^bc

—

53

2-Octen-1-ol

0.42^ef

0.48^f

—

0.5^f

0.3^cd

0.34^de

0.26^cd

0.24^cd

0.23^bc

0.18^b

0.28^cd

—

54

Benzeneacetaldehyde

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

0.24^a

55

2-Furanmethanol

4.51^ab

5.34^bc

3.66^a

7.2^d

5.12^bc

5.37^bc

6.43^cd

5.12^bc

5.13^bc

3.67^a

4.15^ab

3.88^ab

56

1-Nonanol

0.53^d

0.72^e

0.47^d

0.3^c

0.08^a

0.2^b

0.1^b8

0.16^ab

0.13^ab

0.13^ab

0.19^b

0.18^b

57

δ-Terpineol

0.13^b

0.28^d

—

—

0.17^c

—

—

—

—

0.04^a

—

—

58

α-Terpineol

1.14

1.1^de

0.73^bc

1.1^de

0.8^de

0.56^a

0.89^de

0.73^bc

0.62^ab

0.72^bc

0.85^cd

0.65^bc

59

Borneol

0.22^d

0.2^cd

0.2^cd

0.2^cd

0.19^cd

0.22^d

—

0.16^bc

0.15^bc

—

0.12^b

0.17^bc

60

Verbenone

0.1^cd

0.13^de

0.21^f

0.1^cd

0.08^bc

0.15^e

0.08^bc

0.08^bc

0.11^cd

0.06^a

0.07^ab

0.1^cd

61

α-Farnesene

—

0.13^a

0.17^b

—

—

0.19^b

—

0.13^a

0.12^a

—

0.1^a

—

62

2(5H)-Furanone

—

0.22^c

—

—

0.11^ab

0.07^a

0.12^ab

0.17^bc

0.9

0.06^a

0.11^ab

—

63

δ-Cadinene

—

—

0.13^b

—

—

0.13^b

—

—

—

—

—

0.08^a

64

1-(2-Butoxyethoxy)-ethanol

—

0.29^c

—

—

0.19^b

—

—

0.13^a

—

—

0.17^ab

—

65

2,4-Decadienal

—

0.63^c

0.65^c

—

0.21^a

0.47^b

0.26^a

0.26^a

0.46^b

0.16^a

0.21^a

0.48^b

66

Hexanoic acid

0.12^bc

0.13^cbc

0.09

0.1^bc

0.12^bc

0.36^d

0.08^ab

0.08^ab

0.07^a

0.06^a

0.08^ab

0.06^a

67

Geranyl acetone

0.37^bc

0.44^c

1.34^f

0.2^ab

0.18^a

1^e

0.11^a

0.13^a

0.38^c

0.08^a

0.09^a

0.64^d

68

Benzyl alcohol

10.16^de

12.93^e

7.73^cd

9^cd

7.73^cd

3.83^a

8.41^cd

9.17^cd

7.9^cd

6.85^bc

7.5^cd

5.93^ab

69

Dimethyl sulfone

0.6^e

0.76^f

0.36^cd

0.4^d

0.25^bc

0.19

—

0.3^cd

0.23^b

—

0.27^bc

0.21^b

70

Phenylethyl alcohol

0.17^c

0.19^c

0.14^bc

0.1^ab

0.1^ab

0.37^d

0.08^a

0.07^a

0.09^ab

0.06^a

0.1^ab

0.08^a

71

Heptanoic acid

—

—

1.2^c

—

—

0.82^b

—

—

0.47^a

—

—

0.79^b

72

p-Creosol

0.62^d

0.7^e

—

0.7^e

0.39^bc

—

0.3^b

0.3^b

0.25^a

0.26^a

0.34^bc

—

73

Octanoic acid

—

—

0.11^a

—

—

0.15^b

—

—

—

—

—

0.11^a

74

Nonanoic acid

0.74^bc

0.52^ab

—

1^d

0.66^bc

—

0.71^bc

0.55^ab

—

0.8^cd

0.45^a

—

75

Thymol

0.26^d

—

0.16^c

—

—

0.33^e

0.19^c

0.11^ab

0.11^ab

0.15^bc

—

0.1^a

76

Dodecanoic acid

—

3.04^c

—

—

1.46^a

—

—

2.1^b

—

—

2.27^b

—

77

Coumarin

0.25^a

0.5^d

0.17^a

0.3^bc

—

0.25^a

0.25^a

0.36^c

0.2^a

0.18^a

—

0.34^bc

Compounds identified by standards and MS spectra. Compounds without the asterisk were identified by means of mass spectra and retention indices. ⁻Values not detected. Values are means of three determinations. Values within a row for each compound having different letters are significantly different from each other using Tukey’s and LSD test ().