Journal of Food Quality

Review Article

Potentially Harmful Maillard Reaction Products in Food and Herb Medicines

Table 2

Analysis of Maillard reaction productions in Chinese herbal medicine materials and food.


MRPs	Materials	Detection methods	Column	Mobile phase	WL/MW	Linear response	Recovery/RSD (%)	Refs

Arg-Fru	Korean red ginseng	HPAEC-PAD	CarboPac PA1 column	400 mM NaOH : H₂O = 90 : 10, isocratic elution		r² = 0.9999, 0.05–20 g/mL	0.020 μg/mL, 2.20 μg/mL (n = 5)	Joo et al. [23]
Arg-Fru-Glc	Korean red ginseng	HPAEC-PAD	CarboPac PA1 column	400 mM NaOH : H₂O = 90 : 10, isocratic elution		r² = 0.9998, 0.05–20 g/mL	0.1 μg/mL, 1.98 μg/mL (n = 5)	Joo et al. [23]
Arg-Fru	Panax quinquefolius	LC-DAD	Venusil AA column	0.05 M CH₃COONa(CH₃CN : H₂O = 4 : 1), gradient elute	254 nm	Y = 492377X-3193.4 (r = 0.9997)		Gao et al. [24]
Arg-Fru	Panax quinquefolius	LC-MS	Venusil AA column	0.03 M CH₃COONH₄-(CH₃CN : H₂O = 4), gradient elute	337 [M + H]			Gao et al. [24]
Arg-Fru-Glc	Panax quinquefolius	LC-DAD	Venusil AA column	0.05 M CH₃COONa(CH₃CN : H₂O = 4 : 1), gradient elute	254 nm	Y = 336229X-2894.4 (r = 0.9993)		Gao F F, [24]
Arg-Fru-Glc	Panax quinquefolius	LC-MS	Venusil AA column	0.03 M CH₃COONH₄-(CH₃CN : H₂O = 4 : 1), gradient elute	449 [M + H]			Gao et al.[24]
Arg-Fru-Glc	Red ginseng	UPLC-MS	Agilent eclipse C₁₈ column	CH₃CN: 0.3% CH₃COOH = 60 : 40, isocratic elution	497 (M)			Du et al. [25]
5-HMF	Malt	LC-DAD	Kromasil C₁₈ column	CH₃OH : H₂O = 10 : 90, isocratic elution	285 nm	r² = 0.998, 0–0.505 mg/mL	R = 95.40%, RSD = 2.07%	Zhou et al. [26]
5-HMF	Angelica sinensis	LC-DAD	Diamonsil C₁₈ column	CH3CN : H2O = 5 : 95, isocratic elution	286 nm	Y = 7800.4X-2.4701, 0.01572–0.1572 μg	R = 97.75%, RSD = 1.17% (n = 6)	Qian et al. [27]
5-DDMF	Angelica sinensis	LC-DAD	Diamonsil C₁₈ column	CH₃CN : H₂O = 5 : 95, isocratic elution	286 nm			Qian [27]
Maltol	Red ginseng	LC-DAD	Zorbax SB-C₁₈ column	0.1% HCOOH : CH₃CN, gradient elute	276 nm	A = 413425C-165763 (r² = 0.9998), 1.54–15.44 μg/mL	R = 99.98%, RSD = 0.63% (n = 6)	Pang et al. [28]
Furanmethanol	Red ginseng	GC-MS	HP-5 ms column	Ion source temperature at 230°C	98 (M)			Lee et al. [29]
Maltol	Red ginseng			Ion source temperature at 230°C	126 (M)			Lee et al. [29]
Maltol		GC-MS			126 (M)		2.64	Ferreira et al. [30]
Maltol		FIA-CL	KMnO₄–C₂₁H₃₈ClN（hexadecylpyridinium chloride）system			0.5–4.0 mg L⁻¹	RSD = 2.9% (n = 50)	Alonso et al. [31]
Maltol	Grape wine	LC-PDA	Sol-gel GCE	0.03 M ammonia buffer solution		-ep (μA-1/2) = 0.117 + 27.4 C (r = 0.9990), 0.005–0. 5 mmol/L	R = 98%–100%, RSD = 3%	Peng et al. [32]
Maltol	Grape wine	LC-DAD	ODS C₁₈ column	CH₃OH : H₂O = 60 : 40 isocratic elution	274.5 nm	S = -0.37 + 14.34 C，(r = 0.9965)		Peng et al. [32]
5-HMF	Polygonatum	LC-DAD	HC C₁₈ column	CH₃OH : H₂O = 15 : 85 isocratic elution	284 nm	Y = 27206168X (r = 0.9999), 0–0.10535 μg	R = 100.64%, RSD = 2.32% (n = 5)	Yang et al. [33]
5-HMF	Ligustrum lucidum	LC-DAD	Kromasil C₁₈ column	CH₃CN : H₂O = 7 : 93, isocratic elution	278 nm	Y = 227.61X-3.4742 (R = 0.9997) 0.2475–2.475 μg	R = 98.87%, RSD = 1.22%	Hou et al. [34]
5-HMF	Cortex Moutan Radicis	LC-DAD	Lichrospher 5-C₁₈ column	CH₃OH-0.5% C₂HF₃O₂(TFA), gradient elute		Y = 84935346.664X-23602.910 (r = 0.999), 0.01084–0.3468 μg	R = 95.76%, RSD = 1.13%	Rui et al. [35]
5-HMF	Cibot rhizome	TLC	Silica gel GF254	C₆H₁₂(cyclohexane) : C₄H₈O2(ethylacetate):CH3COCH(acetone) = 3 : 3 : 1 as the developing agent	Vanillin sulphuric acid reagent			Jia et al. [36]
5-HMF	Rehmannia root	LC-DAD	Zorbax SB-C₁₈ column	CH₃OH : 0.01 M H₃PO₄ = 70 : 30 isocratic elution	284 nm	0.44–2.18 μg (r = 0.9999)	R = 99.0%, RSD = 0.8% (n = 6)	Qin et al. [37]
5-HMF	Cornus officinalis	GC-MS	HP-5 MS 5% PhenylMethl siloxane		126 (M)			Ding et al. [38]
Acrylamide	Radix Asparagi	LC-SPD	Diamonsil C₁₈ column	CH₃CN :1 g/L CH₃COOH = 20 : 80 isocratic elution	238 nm	0.015–4.5 g/mL	R = 106.6 ± 6.6%, RSD = 1.59% (n = 5)	Shi et al. [19]