Usage of Artificial Intelligence and Remote Sensing as Efficient Devices to Increase Agricultural System Yields

Table 1

Remote estimation of crop fractional vegetation covers: the main remote sensing vegetation indicators.

Application	Symbol	Name	Formula	Reference
Assessment of the general state of vegetation	TVI	Triangular Vegetation Index	TVI = 0.5 × [120 × (R750 − R550) − 200 × (R670 − R550)]	[40]
	GNDVI	Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index	GNDVI = (R860 − R550)/(R860 + R550)	[41]
Assessment of the amount of photosynthesis	REPI	Red Edge Position Index	REPI = 700 + 40 × {[(R670 + R780)/2 − R700]/(R740 − R700)}	[42]
	CTR2	Carter	CTR2 = R695/R760	[43]
Assessment of nitrogen content	NDNI	Normalized Difference Nitrogen Index	NDNI = [LOG(1/R1510) − LOG(1/R1680)]/[LOG(1/R1510) + LOG(1/R1680)]	[44]
Assessment of the amount of light used in photosynthesis	PRI	Photochemical Reflectance Index	PRI = (R531 − R570)/(R531 + R570)	[45]
	ZMI	Zarco-Tejada and Miller Index	ZMI = R750/R710	[46]
Assessment of the amount of dry biomass	PSRI	Plant Senescence Reflectance Index	PSRI = (R680 − R500)/R750	[47]
	NDLI	Normalized Difference Lignin Index	NDLI = [LOG(1/R1754) −  LOG(1/R1680)]/[LOG(1/R1754) + LOG(1/R1680)]	[44]
	CAI	Cellulose Absorption Index	CAI = [0.5 × (R2000 + R2200)] − R2100	[48]
Assessment of water content	WBI	Water Band Index	WBI = R970/R900	[49]
	NDWI	Normalized Difference Water Index	NDWI = (R857 − R1241)/(R857 + R1241)	[50]
	DSWI	Disease water stress Index	DSWI = (R802 + R547)/(R1657 + R682)	[51]