| | Organic acid/salt | Origin | Molecular formula | Molecular weight (g/mol) | Structural formula | pKa | Ka | Physical appearance | Solubility in water (g/L) | | Microbial producer | Plant | Animal |
| | Acetic acid | Acetobacter spp., Komagataeibacter europaeus, Dekkera bruxellensis, Brettanomyces spp., Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Fusarium oxysporum, Polyporus anceps | — | — | C2H4O2 | 60.05 | | 4.76 | 1.73 × 10−5 | Liquid | Miscible |
| | Benzoic acid | — | — | — | C7H6O2 | 122.12 | | 4.2 | 6.3 × 10−5 | Solid | 2.9 |
| | Sodium benzoate | — | Cranberries, bilberries | — | C7H5NaO2 | 144.10 | | 4.2 | 6.3 × 10−5 | Solid | 660 |
| | Citric acid | Aspergillus, Acremonium, Ascochyta, Bacillus, Botrytis, Candida, Debaryomyces, Eupenicillium, Hansenula, Mucor, Penicillium, Pichia, Saccharomyces, Talaromyces, Torulopsis, Trichoderma, Yarrowia, Zygosaccharomyces | All citrus fruits (lemons, limes, oranges), pineapples, gooseberries | — | C6H8O7 | 192.12 | | 3.13; 4.76; 6.4 | 7.4 × 10−4 1.7 × 10−5 3.9 × 10−7 | Solid | 750 |
| | Formic acid | — | Urtica dioica | Ants, bees | CH2O2 | 46.025 | | 3.745 | 1.8 × 10−4 | Liquid | Miscible |
| | Lactic acid | Aspergillus, Bacillus, Carnobacterium, Enterococcus sp., Escherichia, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactococcus sp., Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Rhizopus, Saccharomyces, Candida, Pichia stipites, Torulaspora delbrueckii | — | — | C3H6O3 | 90.07 | | 3.9 | 1.3 × 10−4 | Liquid | Miscible | | Sodium lactate | — | — | — | C3H5NaO3 | 112.06 | | 3.9 | 1.3 × 10−4 | Liquid (colourless or slightly yellowish) | Miscible |
| | Potassium lactate | — | — | — | | 128.17 | | 3.9 | 1.3 × 10−4 | Liquid (colourless, clear) | Viscous |
| | Malic acid | Aspergillus spp., Escherichia, Saccharomyces, Zygosaccharomyces | Blackberries, blueberries cherries, apricots, peaches, mango, plums, apples, pears, quinces, mirabelles | — | C4H6O5 | 134.08 | | 3.46; 5.10 | — | Solid | 558 |
| | Propionic acid | Lactobacillus spp., Clostridium propionicum, Propionibacterium spp. | Apples, grains, strawberries | — | C3H6O2 | 74 | | 4.87 | 1.3 × 10−5 | Liquid | 370 |
| | Sorbic acid | — | Berries of rowan tree (Sorbus aucuparia) | — | C6H8O2 | 112.13 | | 4.76 | 1.73 × 10−5 | Solid | 1.6 |
| | Potassium sorbate | — | — | — | C6H7KO2 | 150.21 | | 4.76 | 1.73 × 10−5 | Solid | 1400 |
| | Succinic acid | Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens, Mannheimia succiniciproducens, Actinobacillus succinogenes, Bacillus fragilis, Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., Candida spp., Yarrowia lipolytica, Saccharomyces cerevisiae | — | — | C4H6O4 | 118.088 | | 4.2
5.6 | 6.21 × 10−5
2.31 × 10−6 | Solid | 58 |
| | Tartaric acid | Gluconobacter spp. | Grapes, bananas, tamarinds, citrus | - | C4H6O6 | 150.08 | | 2.89
4.40 | 6.8 × 10−4
1.2 × 10−5 | Solid | 1330 |
|
|
