Research Article
Functional and Oxidative Quality Characterization of Spray-Dried Omega-3-Enriched Milk Powder
Table 3
Effect of spray drying conditions on the response parameters.
| | Spray drying run | Independent variable combination | Response parameters | | IAT (°C) | PS (mL/min) | MD (%) | NS (s) | EE (%) | EPA retained (g/100 g extracted fat) | EPA loss (%) | DHA retained (g/100 g extracted fat) | DHA loss (%) | PV (meqO2/kg) |
| | 1 | 200(+1) | 3(−1) | 10(−1) | 9(+1) | 81.99 ± 1.78 | 1.88 ± 0.14 | 16.07 ± 0.23 | 2.78 ± 0.15 | 16.70 ± 0.21 | 2.10 ± 0.10 | | 2 | 180(0) | 6(0) | 20(0) | 5(−1) | 84.93 ± 1.67 | 2.03 ± 0.15 | 9.37 ± 0.28 | 2.99 ± 0.12 | 10.38 ± 0.23 | 1.98 ± 0.13 | | 3 | 200(+1) | 3(−1) | 30(+1) | 9(+1) | 82.33 ± 1.45 | 1.92 ± 0.15 | 14.28 ± 0.25 | 2.81 ± 0.13 | 15.82 ± 0.19 | 2.09 ± 0.14 | | 4 | 160(−1) | 9(+1) | 10(−1) | 5(−1) | 84.82 ± 1.54 | 2.03 ± 0.16 | 9.37 ± 0.22 | 2.97 ± 0.15 | 10.97 ± 0.25 | 1.93 ± 0.11 | | 5 | 180(0) | 3(−1) | 20(0) | 7(0) | 85.91 ± 1.96 | 2.07 ± 0.15 | 7.58 ± 0.24 | 3.03 ± 0.19 | 9.20 ± 0.26 | 1.95 ± 0.12 | | 6. (C1) | 180(0) | 6(0) | 20(0) | 7(0) | 85.77 ± 1.76 | 2.09 ± 0.16 | 6.69 ± 0.26 | 3.07 ± 0.13 | 8.02 ± 0.23 | 1.94 ± 0.10 | | 7 | 200(+1) | 3(−1) | 30(+1) | 5(−1) | 83.37 ± 1.40 | 1.97 ± 0.14 | 12.05 ± 0.27 | 2.89 ± 0.19 | 13.32 ± 0.25 | 2.07 ± 0.12 | | 8. (C2) | 180(0) | 6(0) | 20(0) | 7(0) | 85.93 ± 1.87 | 2.07 ± 0.14 | 7.58 ± 0.25 | 3.03 ± 0.18 | 9.20 ± 0.28 | 1.96 ± 0.14 | | 9 | 200(+1) | 3(−1) | 10(−1) | 5(−1) | 81.57 ± 1.78 | 1.87 ± 0.15 | 16.51 ± 0.28 | 2.75 ± 0.15 | 17.44 ± 0.28 | 2.20 ± 0.17 | | 10 | 160(−1) | 3(−1) | 30(+1) | 5(−1) | 88.21 ± 1.92 | 2.17 ± 0.17 | 3.12 ± 0.19 | 3.18 ± 0.14 | 4.79 ± 0.20 | 1.91 ± 0.12 | | 11 | 200(+1) | 9(+1) | 30(+1) | 9(+1) | 82.04 ± 1.96 | 1.89 ± 0.13 | 15.62 ± 0.20 | 2.80 ± 0.17 | 15.97 ± 0.23 | 2.08 ± 0.13 | | 12 | 180(0) | 6(0) | 30(+1) | 7(0) | 88.31 ± 1.56 | 2.17 ± 0.17 | 3.12 ± 0.24 | 3.18 ± 0.12 | 4.50 ± 0.26 | 1.99 ± 0.13 | | 13 | 160(−1) | 3(−1) | 10(−1) | 5(−1) | 85.34 ± 1.89 | 2.04 ± 0.16 | 8.92 ± 0.27 | 2.99 ± 0.15 | 10.35 ± 0.24 | 1.92 ± 0.15 | | 14 | 160(−1) | 9(+1) | 10(−1) | 9(+1) | 86.79 ± 1.87 | 2.09 ± 0.17 | 6.69 ± 0.20 | 3.09 ± 0.16 | 7.43 ± 0.25 | 1.89 ± 0.15 | | 15 | 160(−1) | 9(+1) | 30(+1) | 5(−1) | 86.81 ± 1.84 | 2.10 ± 0.15 | 6.25 ± 0.28 | 3.09 ± 0.17 | 7.29 ± 0.24 | 1.90 ± 0.15 | | 16 | 180(0) | 9(+1) | 20(0) | 7(0) | 85.33 ± 1.39 | 2.09 ± 0.15 | 6.69 ± 0.22 | 3.07 ± 0.15 | 8.02 ± 0.26 | 1.95 ± 0.11 | | 17. (C3) | 180(0) | 6(0) | 20(0) | 7(0) | 85.45 ± 1.84 | 2.06 ± 0.14 | 8.03 ± 0.24 | 3.01 ± 0.19 | 9.64 ± 0.28 | 1.96 ± 0.11 | | 18. (C4) | 180(0) | 6(0) | 20(0) | 7(0) | 83.40 ± 1.30 | 1.99 ± 0.14 | 11.16 ± 0.20 | 2.92 ± 0.14 | 12.44 ± 0.26 | 1.94 ± 0.14 | | 19. (C5) | 180(0) | 6(0) | 20(0) | 7(0) | 85.28 ± 1.45 | 2.08 ± 0.18 | 7.14 ± 0.27 | 3.06 ± 0.10 | 8.17 ± 0.24 | 1.95 ± 0.10 | | 20 | 200(+1) | 9(+1) | 30(+1) | 5(−1) | 82.76 ± 1.67 | 1.93 ± 0.16 | 13.83 ± 0.24 | 2.85 ± 0.17 | 14.50 ± 0.27 | 2.10 ± 0.10 | | 21 | 160(−1) | 6(0) | 20(0) | 7(0) | 87.34 ± 1.47 | 2.13 ± 0.15 | 4.91 ± 0.26 | 3.13 ± 0.15 | 6.26 ± 0.27 | 1.90 ± 0.13 | | 22 | 160(−1) | 3(−1) | 30(+1) | 9(+1) | 87.94 ± 1.87 | 2.14 ± 0.15 | 4.46 ± 0.26 | 3.13 ± 0.15 | 6.11 ± 0.25 | 1.91 ± 0.11 | | 23 | 200(+1) | 9(+1) | 10(−1) | 5(−1) | 82.21 ± 1.98 | 1.93 ± 0.15 | 13.80 ± 0.25 | 2.82 ± 0.11 | 15.38 ± 0.24 | 2.10 ± 0.16 | | 24 | 160(−1) | 3(−1) | 10(−1) | 9(+1) | 84.57 ± 1.76 | 2.02 ± 0.14 | 9.82 ± 0.24 | 2.98 ± 0.12 | 10.52 ± 0.26 | 1.89 ± 0.14 | | 25 | 180(0) | 6(0) | 20(0) | 9(+1) | 87.94 ± 1.56 | 2.14 ± 0.15 | 4.46 ± 0.27 | 3.13 ± 0.12 | 6.11 ± 0.26 | 1.90 ± 0.14 | | 26 | 160(−1) | 9(+1) | 30(+1) | 9(+1) | 89.30 ± 1.54 | 2.19 ± 0.11 | 2.23 ± 0.26 | 3.20 ± 0.12 | 3.90 ± 0.23 | 1.88 ± 0.16 | | 27 | 200(+1) | 9(+1) | 10(−1) | 9(+1) | 83.40 ± 1.43 | 1.99 ± 0.12 | 11.16 ± 0.23 | 2.92 ± 0.14 | 12.44 ± 0.20 | 2.09 ± 0.15 | | 28. (C6) | 180(0) | 6(0) | 20(0) | 7(0) | 85.30 ± 1.93 | 2.07 ± 0.11 | 7.58 ± 0.23 | 3.02 ± 0.18 | 9.50 ± 0.25 | 1.95 ± 0.13 | | 29 | 200(+1) | 6(0) | 20(0) | 7(0) | 82.14 ± 1.45 | 1.92 ± 0.14 | 14.28 ± 0.21 | 2.82 ± 0.19 | 15.53 ± 0.26 | 2.09 ± 0.12 | | 30 | 180(0) | 6(0) | 10(−1) | 7(0) | 84.10 ± 1.65 | 2.01 ± 0.14 | 10.26 ± 0.20 | 1.98 ± 0.14 | 10.57 ± 0.25 | 1.97 ± 0.10 |
|
|
C1–C6 = central points of spray drying runs; IAT = inlet air temperature; PS = pump speed; MD = maltodextrin; NS = needle speed; EE = encapsulation efficiency; EPA = eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA = docosahexaenoic acid; PV = peroxide value.
|
