The Scourge of Aflatoxins in Kenya: A 60-Year Review (1960 to 2020)

Table 8

AF content of breast milk and cord blood from Kenya, Sudan, Ghana, and Nigeria.

Sample	Country	Number of samples	Number of AF-positive samples	Positive samples (%)
Breast milk	Kenya	191	53	28
	Sudan	99	37	37
	Ghana	510	163	32
Cord blood	Kenya	101	37	37
	Nigeria	78	9	12
	Ghana	282	86	30.5

Adapted from [187]. AFM₁ was detected in 121 milk samples (range: 5–1379 ng/L), AFM₂ in 103 (range: 3–6368 ng/L), AFB₁ in 41 (range: 150–55,792 ng/L), AFB₂ in 10 (range: 49–623 ng/L), AFG₁ in 4 (range: 1890–5180 ng/L), AFG₂ in 3 (range: 10–87 ng/L), and aflatoxicol in 6 (range: 14–270 ng/L). In cord blood, AFM₁ (range: 25–8942 ng/L) and AFM₂ (range: 15–732 ng/L) were detected frequently in 63 and 47 samples; AFB₁ (range: 185–43822 ng/L) and AFB₂ (range: 10–925 ng/L) were detected in 20 and 19 samples. AFG₁ was detected 4 times (range: 611–2086 ng/L), AFG₂ once (37 ng/L) and aflatoxicol thrice (177, 214, & 280 ng/L).