Determination of Biochemical Contents of Fresh, Oven-Dried, and Sun-Dried Peels and Pulps of Five Apple Cultivars (Amasya, Braeburn, Golden Delicious, Granny Smith, and Starking)
Table 1
Biochemical analysis of five apple cultivars (peel and pulp of fresh, oven-dried, and sun-dried samples).
Total flavonoid content (mg Ru/100 g)
Total phenol content (mg/GAE100 g)
DPPH inhibition (%)
DPPH radical scaving (%)
L-ascorbic acid (g/100 g)
Citric acid (g/100 g)
Succinic acid (g/100 g)
Malic acid (g/100 g)
Fructose (g/100 g)
Glucose (g/100 g)
Sucrose (g/100 g)
Total sugar (g/100 g)
TSS (g/100 g)
Amasya fresh peel
52.30 ± 0.965
88.76 ± 2.475
70.56 ± 3.015
59.05 ± 2.020
0.0029 ± 0.000
0.0025 ± 0.001
0.1220 ± 0.013
0.1575 ± 0.002
7.56 ± 0.030
1.87 ± 0.035
3.80 ± 0.085
13.22 ± 0.080
17.75 ± 0.250
Amasya fresh pulp
33.94 ± 0.610
8.07 ± 0.225
32.87 ± 1.335
21.36 ± 1.335
0.0109 ± 0.000
0.0615 ± 0.001
0.3400 ± 0.005
0.3730 ± 0.001
19.57 ± 0.610
12.55 ± 0.475
16.66 ± 1.075
48.77 ± 2.160
54.50 ± 0.000
Amasya oven-dried peel
207.44 ± 4.13
467.11 ± 4.990
88.24 ± 0.200
76.74 ± 0.205
0.0088 ± 0.002
0.1370 ± 0.015
0.5195 ± 0.038
0.5830 ± 0.011
39.71 ± 0.235
17.26 ± 0.090
19.02 ± 0.175
75.98 ± 0.505
45.25 ± 0.250
Amasya oven-dried pulp
40.35 ± 0.900
238.76 ± 4.465
82.63 ± 3.270
71.13 ± 3.270
0.0548 ± 0.000
0.1520 ± 0.006
0.4850 ± 0.014
0.3510 ± 0.019
25.40 ± 0.315
18.43 ± 0.400
24.55 ± 0.040
68.38 ± 0.680
65.75 ± 0.250
Amasya sun-dried peel
157.8 ± 3.295
477.09 ± 5.195
89.79 ± 0.360
78.28 ± 0.360
0.0141 ± 0.000
0.0075 ± 0.003
0.2230 ± 0.036
0.6455 ± 0.001
42.19 ± 0.900
23.26 ± 1.645
24.93 ± 0.505
90.38 ± 0.235
40.00 ± 0.000
Amasya sun-dried pulp
33.29 ± 0.225
243.73 ± 1.160
89.34 ± 0.385
77.83 ± 0.390
0.0050 ± 0.000
0.0160 ± 0.001
0.1195 ± 0.002
0.2710 ± 0.008
5.80 ± 0.005
3.59 ± 0.030
5.68 ± 0.015
15.06 ± 0.005
19.75 ± 0.250
Braeburn fresh peel
36.76 ± 3.465
213.69 ± 4.700
36.86 ± 2.565
25.35 ± 2.565
0.0015 ± 0.000
0.0430 ± 0.011
0.1765 ± 0.006
0.1015 ± 0.006
3.48 ± 0.040
1.13 ± 0.140
4.75 ± 0.080
9.36 ± 0.255
14.50 ± 0.500
Braeburn fresh pulp
32.01 ± 0.025
8.79 ± 0.375
22.72 ± 3.515
11.22 ± 2.515
0.0015 ± 0.000
0.0025 ± 0.001
0.0800 ± 0.001
0.1895 ± 0.008
5.00 ± 0.620
1.95 ± 0.200
4.20 ± 0.500
11.15 ± 1.325
17.00 ± 0.500
Braeburn oven-dried peel
59.74 ± 0.530
292.41 ± 4.070
53.67 ± 2.350
42.17 ± 3.355
0.0029 ± 0.000
0.0425 ± 0.004
0.5110 ± 0.014
0.2675 ± 0.011
14.72 ± 0.710
10.33 ± 0.995
8.51 ± 0.285
33.55 ± 1.985
48.75 ± 0.250
Braeburn oven-dried pulp
32.91 ± 1.415
191.90 ± 4.105
33.74 ± 1.560
22.24 ± 2.560
0.0037 ± 0.001
0.4330 ± 0.003
0.3505 ± 0.018
0.7805 ± 0.023
28.76 ± 1.315
19.82 ± 0.320
8.94 ± 0.545
57.52 ± 1.095
48.50 ± 0.000
Braeburn sun-dried peel
74.10 ± 3.670
220.65 ± 1.785
74.96 ± 0.590
63.46 ± 0.585
0.0458 ± 0.001
0.1160 ± 0.015
0.7975 ± 0.007
0.3175 ± 0.006
15.49 ± 1.310
3.51 ± 0.645
20.93 ± 1.085
39.92 ± 3.040
38.75 ± 0.250
Braeburn sun-dried pulp
30.52 ± 0.830
113.10 ± 1.250
31.22 ± 2.260
19.72 ± 2.255
0.0304 ± 0.000
0.0230 ± 0.005
0.2450 ± 0.020
0.9175 ± 0.110
29.91 ± 1.940
7.26 ± 1.905
28.57 ± 1.125
65.73 ± 2.970
53.75 ± 0.250
Golden Delicious fresh peel
50.50 ± 2.045
157.12 ± 1.560
39.58 ± 3.965
28.07 ± 3.970
0.0007 ± 0.000
0.0180 ± 0.016
0.1240 ± 0.004
0.1360 ± 0.004
4.99 ± 0.050
2.56 ± 0.000
5.68 ± 0.005
13.23 ± 0.055
7.75 ± 0.250
Golden Delicious fresh pulp
36.42 ± 2.665
40.74 ± 3.305
27.18 ± 3.375
24.38 ± 2.325
0.0009 ± 0.000
0.0020 ± 0.000
0.0745 ± 0.005
0.1530 ± 0.008
6.69 ± 0.545
1.81 ± 0.205
4.36 ± 0.400
12.85 ± 1.150
10.25 ± 0.250
Golden Delicious oven-dried peel
126.47 ± 2.075
211.89 ± 3.765
85.65 ± 1.400
74.07 ± 1.485
0.0016 ± 0.000
0.0720 ± 0.018
0.4165 ± 0.009
0.4625 ± 0.006
17.08 ± 0.765
14.96 ± 0.440
12.40 ± 0.390
44.43 ± 1.600
22.75 ± 0.250
Golden Delicious oven-dried pulp
40.63 ± 0.765
78.78 ± 0.300
55.94 ± 1.160
44.44 ± 1.165
0.0025 ± 0.001
0.2545 ± 0.047
0.3370 ± 0.045
0.6520 ± 0.035
32.55 ± 1.335
18.60 ± 1.090
11.63 ± 0.615
62.77 ± 3.040
80.25 ± 0.250
Golden Delicious sun-dried peel
91.80 ± 4.075
195.74 ± 2.025
84.85 ± 2.200
73.35 ± 2.205
0.0139 ± 0.000
0.0660 ± 0.025
0.4420 ± 0.011
0.2890 ± 0.028
21.21 ± 1.580
9.04 ± 1.295
21.99 ± 1.235
52.22 ± 4.110
55.75 ± 0.250
Golden Delicious sun-dried pulp
32.66 ± 0.225
70.24 ± 2.105
48.32 ± 1.870
36.81 ± 1.870
0.0083 ± 0.000
0.0130 ± 0.003
0.4555 ± 0.207
0.5200 ± 0.254
39.05 ± 2.910
11.87 ± 4.640
27.96 ± 1.700
78.88 ± 5.855
56.75 ± 0.250
Granny Smith fresh peel
59.26 ± 0.805
45.86 ± 0.090
52.08 ± 8.380
40.58 ± 8.385
0.0024 ± 0.000
0.0070 ± 0.001
0.2330 ± 0.018
0.1215 ± 0.004
3.69 ± 0.185
1.66 ± 0.010
4.72 ± 0.265
10.07 ± 0.445
16.75 ± 0.250
Granny Smith fresh pulp
30.81 ± 0.180
26.97 ± 1.640
41.15 ± 2.230
29.77 ± 2.105
0.0022 ± 0.000
0.0055 ± 0.001
0.0765 ± 0.009
0.2380 ± 0.028
5.34 ± 0.015
2.10 ± 0.065
3.82 ± 0.020
11.26 ± 0.065
15.50 ± 0.000
Granny Smith oven-dried peel
139.12 ± 8.66
283.71 ± 7.060
76.15 ± 1.775
64.65 ± 1.775
0.0043 ± 0.000
0.0580 ± 0.000
0.6100 ± 0.066
0.3155 ± 0.018
13.73 ± 0.155
12.49 ± 0.190
7.67 ± 0.860
33.88 ± 1.200
48.25 ± 0.250
Granny Smith oven-dried pulp
43.86 ± 1.350
116.43 ± 5.895
53.10 ± 0.080
41.59 ± 0.080
0.0080 ± 0.001
0.4370 ± 0.053
1.1010 ± 0.008
0.2485 ± 0.001
37.60 ± 0.750
24.02 ± 0.180
4.76 ± 0.130
66.38 ± 1.050
60.25 ± 0.250
Granny Smith sun-dried peel
127.89 ± 2.69
474.50 ± 5.845
75.70 ± 5.545
64.19 ± 4.545
0.0375 ± 0.000
0.0885 ± 0.004
0.6675 ± 0.008
0.1915 ± 0.001
13.73 ± 0.875
8.60 ± 0.300
19.58 ± 0.780
41.90 ± 1.950
51.75 ± 0.250
Granny Smith sun-dried pulp
35.25 ± 0.605
110.30 ± 5.125
56.44 ± 3.445
44.93 ± 3.445
0.0209 ± 0.000
0.0465 ± 0.001
0.2095 ± 0.020
1.5655 ± 0.049
29.65 ± 2.100
17.05 ± 2.915
23.37 ± 1.885
70.06 ± 6.905
33.75 ± 0.250
Starking fresh peel
77.96 ± 1.440
169.16 ± 4.170
82.89 ± 0.135
71.39 ± 0.135
0.0003 ± 0.000
0.0960 ± 0.014
0.0700 ± 0.003
0.1960 ± 0.001
4.69 ± 0.095
2.64 ± 0.020
2.83 ± 0.155
10.15 ± 0.035
16.50 ± 0.000
Starking fresh pulp
32.70 ± 0.180
2.33 ± 0.125
31.81 ± 3.325
20.31 ± 3.325
0.0005 ± 0.000
0.0040 ± 0.000
0.1175 ± 0.000
0.1690 ± 0.001
5.10 ± 0.175
2.65 ± 0.125
2.55 ± 0.020
10.30 ± 0.325
15.00 ± 0.000
Starking oven-dried peel
157.75 ± 7.665
365.83 ± 9.565
88.68 ± 0.480
77.18 ± 0.480
0.0005 ± 0.000
0.0385 ± 0.002
0.2095 ± 0.006
0.7480 ± 0.021
16.75 ± 0.525
11.10 ± 1.255
9.36 ± 0.005
37.20 ± 1.770
18.75 ± 0.250
Starking oven-dried pulp
48.79 ± 3.175
237.66 ± 1.105
87.18 ± 0.305
75.67 ± 0.305
0.0006 ± 0.000
0.1705 ± 0.134
0.6520 ± 0.239
0.6270 ± 0.093
34.84 ± 0.805
23.82 ± 0.905
10.17 ± 0.405
68.83 ± 0.305
29.25 ± 0.250
Starking sun-dried peel
77.60 ± 3.210
217.78 ± 1.815
89.60 ± 0.040
78.10 ± 0.040
0.0038 ± 0.000
0.0480 ± 0.002
0.2415 ± 0.002
0.5135 ± 0.047
20.32 ± 2.030
10.49 ± 1.325
12.72 ± 1.190
43.53 ± 4.545
29.00 ± 0.000
Starking sun-dried pulp
31.60 ± 0.250
169.72 ± 1.710
51.74 ± 0.565
40.23 ± 0.560
0.0050 ± 0.000
0.0275 ± 0.001
0.6225 ± 0.011
0.8450 ± 0.039
37.03 ± 3.430
21.78 ± 2.995
17.47 ± 0.575
76.27 ± 5.850
75.75 ± 0.250
Results as mean ± standard deviations of triplicate measurements.
