The Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oils from Zanthoxylum rhetsa Grown in Son La, Northwest Vietnam

Table 1

Phytochemical profile of EOs from the different parts of Z. rhetsa.

Compound name	RI^a/b	RI	Percentage
			SB	LP	FP	FL	DF	FF
(Z)-Hex-3-en-1-ol	854	851	—	—	—	0.45	—	—
(Z)-Hex-2-en-1-ol	855	860	—	—	—	1.06	—	—
n-Hexanol	871	862	—	—	—	0.41	—	—
α-Thujene	930	930	0.75	0.42	0.27	1.14	0.61	0.35
α-Pinene	939	939	2.09	7.00	1.07	5.62	0.67	0.54
Sabinene	975	978	12.37	14.56	17.83	38.35	33.71	41.13
β-Pinene	979	984	0.14	0.26	—	1.12	—	—
Myrcene	991	991	1.89	1.87	1.17	2.00	2.02	1.76
n-Octanal	999	1003	—	—	—	—	—	0.26
α-Phellandrene	1003	1010	7.34	2.74	0.10	2.11	0.11	—
δ-3-Carene	1011	1016	0.15	—	—	—	—	—
α-Terpinene	1017	1021	3.63	1.90	2.23	3.68	2.03	1.12
o-Cymene	1026	1029	0.71	0.42	0.39	0.66	0.23	—
Limonene	1029	1034	4.18	25.01	4.44	6.02	8.29	7.30
β-Phellandrene	1030	1035	6.32	2.08	0.26	2.53	0.35	0.26
cis-β-Ocimene	1037	1037	0.89	0.51	0.12	0.20	—	—
trans-β-Ocimene	1050	1048	4.02	5.05	2.69	2.83	2.55	2.37
γ-Terpinene	1060	1063	6.12	3.16	4.43	6.47	3.34	1.83
n-Octanol	1068	1068	—	—	—	—	—	0.13
cis-Sabinene hydrate	1070	1072	0.38	0.24	0.79	0.49	0.65	0.54
Terpinolene	1089	1094	1.57	6.86	19.66	1.91	30.37	27.05
Linalool	1097	1101	1.61	12.63	11.64	1.80	0.84	1.71
trans-Sabinene hydrate	1098	1104	0.35	0.25	0.74	0.43	0.44	0.30
trans-4,8-Dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene	1103	1117	—	—	0.18	—	—	—
cis-p-Menth-2-en-1-ol	1122	1128	1.08	0.49	1.14	0.75	0.42	0.33
trans-p-Menth-2-en-1-ol	1141	1145	0.73	0.34	0.83	0.53	0.31	0.22
Terpinen-4-ol	1177	1186	18.23	7.78	19.07	13.71	7.73	5.35
p-Cymen-8-ol	1183	1190	—	—	0.17	—	0.32	—
α-Terpineol	1189	1197	0.89	1.55	5.35	0.70	3.27	6.08
cis-Piperitol	1196	1203	0.26	0.13	0.28	0.18	—	—
Decanal	1202	1206	—	—	—	—	0.34	0.40
Octyl acetate	1214	1210	—	—	—	—	0.23	0.22
trans-Piperitol	1208	1214	0.41	0.17	0.46	0.28	0.13	—
Nerol	1230	1231	0.12	—	0.25	—	—	—
Geraniol	1253	1255	0.19	0.22	0.58	—	—	—
2-Undecanone	1294	1294	2.77	—	—	—	—	—
α-Cubebene	1351	1360	0.16	—	—	—	—	—
Geranyl acetate	1381	1383	0.16	0.27	0.34	0.14	0.63	0.51
α-Copaene	1377	1389	0.36	—	—	—	—	—
β-Cubebene	1388	1401	0.21	—	—	—	—	—
cis-β-Elemene	1391	1403	0.21	—	—	—	—	—
(E)-Caryophyllene; (β-Caryophyllene)	1419	1437	3.42	1.23	1.01	1.53	0.11	—
α-Humulene	1455	1471	0.67	0.21	0.19	0.25	—	—
β-Chamigrene	1478	1489	0.38	—	—	—	—	—
Germacrene D	1485	1498	3.46	0.65	0.76	0.88	0.27	0.24
β-Selinene	1490	1503	0.38	—	—	—	—	—
(E,E)-α-Farnesene	1506	1512	—	—	—	0.51	—	—
Bicyclogermacrene	1500	1513	2.28	0.40	0.32	0.36	—	—
γ-Cadinene	1514	1530	0.11	—	—	—	—	—
δ-Cadinene	1523	1536	0.97	0.21	0.12	0.19	—	—
Elemol	1550	1562	0.58	—	—	—	—	—
Spathulenol	1578	1595	0.38	—	—	—	—	—
Viridiflorol	1593	1603	0.45	0.15	—	—	—	—
Guaiol (=champacol)	1601	1613	0.55	0.23	0.31	—	—	—
1-epi-Cubenol	1629	1645	0.17	—	—	—	—	—
epi-α-Cadinol (=tau-cadinol)	1640	1657	0.26	—	—	—	—	—
epi-α-Muurolol (=tau-muurolol)	1642	1658	0.96	0.22	—	0.11	—	—
α-Muurolol (=δ-cadinol)	1646	1661	0.29	—	—	—	—	—
α-Cadinol	1654	1671	1.12	0.40	0.28	0.18	—	—
Neointermedeol	1660	1674	1.93	—	—	—	—	—
Bulnesol	1672	1685	0.24	0.11	0.23	—	—	—
Total			98.85	99.69	99.69	99.57	99.99	99.99
Monoterpene hydrocarbons			52.17	71.84	54.66	74.64	84.28	83.71
Oxygenated monoterpenes			24.41	24.07	41.64	19.01	14.74	15.04
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons			12.61	2.7	2.71	3.72	0.38	0.24
Oxygenated sesquiterpenes			6.93	1.11	0.51	0.29	—	—
Aliphatic ketones			2.77	—	—	—	—	—
Others			—	—	0.18	1.92	0.57	1.01

RI^a/b: retention index compared between software predictions [15–17]; SB: stem bark; LP: leaf petiole; FP: fruit petiole; FL: fresh leave; DF: dried fruit; FF: fresh fruit.