Tunisian Pistachio Hull Extracts: Phytochemical Content, Antioxidant Activity, and Foodborne Pathogen Inhibition

Table 5

Anti-gram-negative activity of pistachio hull samples extracted by hexane, acetonitrile, acetone, and water.

Anti-S. enterica (mm)

Anti-E. coli (mm)

Anti-P. aeruginosa(mm)

HEX

ACTN

ACN

Water

HEX

ACTN

ACN

Water

HEX

ACTN

ACN

Water

Sfax (S)

12.00 ± 0.29^aA

12.00 ± 0.52^abA

12.33 ± 0.45^aA

13.83 ± 0.71^aB

10.00 ± 0.32^aA

11.25 ± 0.43^aA

12.83 ± 0.62^aB

13.00 ± 0.51^aB

10.50 ± 0.24^aA

11.75 ± 0.23^aB

13.25 ± 0.23^aC

14.00 ± 0.41^aC

Sidi Bouzid (SB)

11.25 ± 0.21^aA

11.33 ± 0.64^aA

13.00 ± 0.38^bB

14.83 ± 0.66^bC

11.00 ± 0.35^abA

12.33 ± 0.51^bB

12.50 ± 0.47^aB

14.75 ± 0.24^bC

11.25 ± 0.47^aA

13.83 ± 0.63^bB

14.75 ± 0.55^bBC

14.83 ± 0.52^abC

Gafsa (G)

11.00 ± 0.50^aA

13.00 ± 0.60^bB

14.25 ± 0.41^cC

16.00 ± 0.42^cD

11.75 ± 0.31^abA

13.00 ± 0.49^bB

14.25 ± 0.33^bC

15.25 ± 0.48^bC

11.83 ± 0.17^aA

14.25 ± 0.44^bB

15.5 ± 0.45^bC

15.75 ± 0.65^bC

Values with a different letter (a–c) within a column of the same extraction solvent are significantly different (); values with a different letter (A–C) within a row of the anti-gram-negative activity are significantly different (); ± standard deviation of three replicates. HEX: hexane; ACTN: acetone; ACN: acetonitrile.