Nanoparticles are atomic or molecular aggregates that can have significantly different physico-chemical properties compared to the bulk material. Nanoparticles can be prepared from a mixture of bulk material, and their actions depend on both the chemical composition and on the size and appearance of the particles. Among the newest technological innovations, the further advancement of nanotechnology, nano-devices, and nanomaterials could unlock new applications in the fields of electronics, energy, medicine, biology, or food production.

In recent years, nanotechnology has attracted a great deal of attention for both its synthesis methodologies and its wide applications in medicine, energy, environmental sciences, and biosciences. The development of sustainable, eco-friendly, safe, and cost-effective methods for the synthesis of nanoparticles is an important aspect of nanotechnology, and despite significant progress in this regard this is still a major challenge to be addressed. Different types of nanoparticle can be synthesised using a large number of physical, chemical, biological, and hybrid methods. Biosynthetic methods, employing microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi, or plants extracts, have been identified as a simple, safe, and viable substitute for the more complex chemical synthetic procedures to obtain nanomaterials. Different types of nanoparticles, such as copper, titanium, zinc, alginate, gold, magnesium, and silver, can be synthesised using these methods.

The aim of this Special Issue is to collect research that investigates the synthesis and properties of biosynthetically produced nanoparticles, and their applications in biosciences. We welcome both original research and review articles.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Synthesis of nanoparticles from bacteria, fungi, and plants
• Unique properties of bio-nanoparticles
• The role of nanoparticles in sustainable agriculture
• Nanoparticles as fertilisers
• The role of nanoparticles in plant growth
• The role of nanoparticles in plant protection
• The role of nanoparticles in plant disease management
• Nanoparticles and food quality
• Nanoparticles and plant immune systems
• Nanoparticles and phytoremediation