Abstract
The development of wireless communication and artificial intelligence has provided great convenience to the people’s production and life and has also created many favorable conditions for the development of scientific research. Constructing a multidimensional monitoring system through technical means will help make community public spaces more friendly to preschool children, create a community public space that is friendly to preschool children, and better implement the concept of preschool children’s friendliness. The thesis aims to explore the friendliness of preschool children in the public space of the community and focus on the needs of preschool children and their caregivers as the starting point. Based on wireless communication and artificial intelligence technology, it is evaluated from the three dimensions of space, service, and culture. Starting from this, we obtained relevant data on the impact of impact factors on the friendliness of preschool children in community public spaces and quantified the community public spaces based on these scores to provide theoretical support for realizing preschool children’s friendliness in community public spaces. Research has proven that safety, inclusion, and diversity are the top concerns for community residents. Therefore, we should prioritize these factors when building community-friendly spaces.
1. Introduction
Preschool children can be divided into two stages in terms of age: the infant period from 0 to 3 years old and the preschool period from three to six years old. This is the period when a person’s character is initially formed. Preschoolers are lively, active, social, curious, questionable, and imitative [1, 2].
Since the 1950s, children’s development rights have gradually been valued, and children’s rights have been incorporated into public policies. Pilot cities for child-friendly cities have been launched both at home and abroad. But preschool children are rarely considered as stakeholders. An older child can at least tell us what he wants from the city, while preschool children cannot express their desires and needs [3, 4]. Therefore, it is difficult for child-friendly cities to be truly preschool-friendly. In this context, how to evaluate the friendliness of preschool children in community public spaces is a problem we need to solve at the moment. The construction of the public space of preschool children’s community has always been a topic that the academic circle pays more attention to. In the context of the rapid development of wireless communications and artificial intelligence, this research has made an extremely exciting breakthrough. Ji discussed the importance of wireless network to children’s comfortable space and proposed a design method with strong color of information technology [5]. Meng analyzed the characteristics of British design in this field by way of comparative research, interpreted its advantages, and put forward development suggestions based on my country’s actual conditions [6].
Public space is the third place for preschool children besides “home” and “school.” It has the characteristics of publicity and openness. Community public space is the main place for preschool children to participate in community life and is an important part of urban public space; community public space focuses more on “communication” and “interaction,” so it has a strong sense of community belonging and cohesion. Based on a multidimensional perspective, this paper uses the analytic hierarchy process to construct a community public space preschool children’s friendliness evaluation system.
2. Community Public Space Type System
In the context of wireless communication and artificial intelligence decision-making, the community public space system has added many new contents.
2.1. Spatial Dimension System
Public space includes many categories in the community, such as street space, green space, community park, community commercial street, children’s activity space, sports space, and education space, which can provide residents with outdoor activities [7, 8]. And wireless communication and artificial intelligence decision-making technology organically combine these partitions [7, 8]. Among them, the children’s activity space includes both formal children’s activity spaces, such as community playgrounds, and informal children’s activity spaces, such as streets, squares, and greenery. In the early stage of construction, community public space was to meet the needs of other communities, and later, more children gathered to play here, and then, it evolved into an informal children’s activity space (Table 1).
2.2. Service Dimension System
The public service system of the community is extremely important to ensure that the public space can serve everyone equally. With the assistance of wireless communication and artificial intelligence technology, the quality of the public service system can achieve leapfrog progress [9–12]. Preschool children spend a lot of time outdoors every day, and their caregivers enter the community’s public spaces every day, either as participants in public space recreational activities or as part of other arrangements. Preschoolers who enter public spaces are always accompanied by caregivers. In our country, they are usually women or the elderly. Therefore, the community’s public service facilities must meet not only the needs of preschool children, but also their caregivers [13], equipped with diversified community service facilities such as medical treatment, hygiene, culture, entertainment, to ensure the healthy growth of preschool children (Table 2).
2.3. Cultural Dimension System
Create a good community atmosphere and environment, so that preschool children have the right to participate in their own related community construction.
Encourage children to participate in the planning of safe travel routes [14]. At the community level, it is manifested by asking children to mark their frequent destinations and travel routes, as well as places they think are more dangerous or where they have been injured somewhere; and consult their parents and community residents to further determine the routes that children often travel through, so as to guide the planning of safe travel routes for children [15, 16].
The play space is combined with public art, and preschool children and their caregivers are involved in the design of street art. The combination of public art and game space is a natural synergy. Artworks can give the public space an identity and make it a destination.
3. Evaluation Principles for the Friendliness of Preschool Children in Community Public Spaces
Wireless communication and artificial intelligence decision-making technology have effectively enriched the evaluation system of preschool children’s friendliness in community public spaces.
3.1. Security Principles
The personal safety of preschool children and their caregivers go hand in hand. Preschoolers learn whether the things they are exploring are safe by observing the expressions or reactions of their caregivers. The anxiety response of caregivers has a huge impact on preschool children; especially the threat of physical injury has a huge emotional impact on caregivers and preschool children under their care, leading to anxiety in preschool children, reducing immune system responses, and reducing school age.
3.2. The Principle of Inclusiveness
Ensure that each preschool child, led by the caregiver, can easily obtain the goods and services they need within 5–10 minutes away from home and give the caregiver a good reason not to use a car to travel. The smaller the “movement chain” distance of each family, the less time it takes to complete travel tasks, which translates into lower stress levels and better physical and mental health.
In the community, it is necessary to provide inclusive play spaces and public areas for preschool children with disabilities, including special activity areas for autistic patients, special swings, various sensory, and tactile game activity areas.
3.3. The Principle of Naturalness
People have repeatedly found that exposure to nature is beneficial to reducing the stress on adults and promoting the overall physical and mental health of preschool children. Friedrich Frobel (EriDCrich EroDbDl) was the most influential German scholar in the nineteenth century. He coined the term “kindergarten,” emphasizing the role of gardens and the importance of nature in the development of children [17]. Preschoolers aged 2–5 years old can benefit greatly from exposure to nature, which is a way to improve their understanding of their bodies and build feelings. In the game, they can make full use of their imagination to play with natural materials. They can climb trees, explore the secrets of leaves, and use stones to build imaginary structures [18]. This is of great benefit to the growth of brain structure and the establishment of emotions.
3.4. The Principle of Diversity
The users of the preschool children’s activity space include not only different preschool children, but also their caregivers, which may be the elderly or other parents. Therefore, the public space must not only meet the needs of interaction between preschool children, but also meet the needs of preschool: the common needs of children and their caregivers and the functional needs between caregivers, including the transition between the dynamic area and the static area; it is suitable for preschool children and caregivers to use them together with rich colors and diverse forms [19]. Set up various temporary venues in multiple areas of the community, and constantly change the types of games, bringing different sense of experience. You can also create a positive atmosphere by temporarily closing a street for small events.
3.5. Principle of Function Mixing
A community suitable for preschool children and their caregivers should have multiple service functions. We need to consider the placement of various health centers, nurseries, kindergartens, amusement parks, and other convenient facilities in the community. These facilities should be distributed as evenly as possible within the community. If there is only one convenient facility, it should be located in a place that is easily accessible within the community.
As the range of activities for preschool children and their caregivers is limited, the convenience facilities they need should be placed on the same route as much as possible. For example, if a supermarket is set up near the amusement park, the caregiver can go to the nearby supermarket to purchase while taking the children to play in the amusement park; if it is not convenient to set up a supermarket near the amusement park, then a supermarket should be set up on the route from the amusement park to home. And use special signs to mark the most convenient route or set up a coffee shop next to the playground, so that caregivers can rest and wait for the children.
4. Evaluation Factors for the Friendliness of Preschool Children in Community Public Spaces
In the context of wireless communication and artificial intelligence technology, the extension of the influencing factors of the friendliness of preschool children in community public spaces has been greatly expanded. It includes not only physical factors such as spatial form and scale, but also social factors. As the main living environment for preschool children, community public space is closely related to the healthy development of preschool children. This paper studies the exploratory research from the level of community public space, analyzes the factors that affect the friendliness of preschool children in community public space, and classifies them into three categories: space dimension, service dimension, and cultural dimension. The details are as follows.
4.1. Factors Related to the Spatial Dimension of the Community
Factors related to the dimension of community space include public space within the sight range of residents, space boundary, ground material, greening and landscape, speed limit, space scale, activity space for caregivers of preschool children, space comfort, space diversity, and space Function mix. Ensure that the street space can be seen by people in the buildings along the street, so that people can act as “street eyes,” and vandalism and crime will be affected and reduced. Set up safety bolts around the children’s activity area to avoid collisions caused by the loss of control of the vehicle and, at the same time, limit the speed of the vehicle. It is forbidden to park near road intersections and plant large tracts of taller green plants to avoid sheltering preschool children and the combination of casinos and supermarkets (See Table 3).
4.2. Factors Related to the Community Service Dimension
The community service dimension emphasizes paying attention to the daily needs of community residents. It is intended to enhance the livability and cohesion of the community through the improvement of service quality, to meet the diverse needs of different types of residents in the community as much as possible. Factors related to the community service dimension include game facility safety, facility inspection and maintenance, lighting system, facility scale, indicator signs, seat fences, barrier-free facilities, special child activity areas, breastfeeding stations, stroller lanes, accessibility, the flora and fauna, abundant games, and commercial facilities and street sharing (see Table 3).
4.3. Factors Related to the Cultural Dimension System
Factors related to the cultural dimension of the community mainly include holding positive energy publicity in the community, regulating early education centers and counseling institutions, respecting cultural diversity, holding various community cultural festivals, natural and cultural displays, art sketch exhibitions, and increasing preschool children’s participation in public art (see Table 3)
5. Construction of the Evaluation System
The influence of wireless communication and artificial intelligence technology on the friendliness of preschool children in community public spaces is gradually expanding, requiring us to fully integrate this background when constructing an evaluation system. Using the analytic hierarchy process, the decision goals, decision criteria, and decision objects are layered according to their mutual relationship, and the target layer-criterion layer-subcriteria layer-detailed evaluation layer is refined, and a hierarchical structure model is established.
5.1. Standard Layer
Safety, inclusiveness, naturalness, diversity, and functional mixing are the evaluation criteria for the friendliness of preschool children in community public spaces. Safety requires not only the safety of the street space where preschool children and their caregivers are located, but also the safety of plants, materials, etc.; inclusiveness requires the inclusion of preschool children and their caregivers in community public spaces and the inclusion of children with disabilities; repetitiveness needs to meet the repetitive daily activities of preschool children; naturalness includes the diversity of plants and the combination of play and nature; diversity requires a variety of public spaces to meet the common needs of preschool children and their caregivers, mixed functions The principle needs to consider the combination of different types of spaces; the principle of cultural cohesion pays more attention to making the game full of art and bringing a different cultural and artistic experience.
5.2. Subcriteria Layer
The criteria of comprehensive evaluation are divided from the spatial dimension, service dimension, and cultural dimension, which have a directional effect on detailed evaluation. By further subdividing the subcriteria layer, the design of the community public space has a clearer direction. The space planning, service quality, and cultural color of public space are scientifically matched and unified.
5.3. Detailed Evaluation Layer
The detailed evaluation includes whether the public space is safe, whether the area is within the sight of residents, whether the paving materials are soft and hard, the protection of waterfront areas, street safety, whether the game facilities are overhauled and maintained in time, whether the lighting system is complete, and the facilities, whether they meet the scale of preschool children, whether they meet the need for children with disabilities to play, the combination of commercial facilities, public facilities and play space, the safety of the green landscape and the degree of integration with the space, whether the community culture is healthy, positive energy, and whether preschool children are participating in the community.
5.4. Evaluation Index System Table
To create a community public space suitable for the healthy growth of preschool children, it is necessary to meet the principles of safety, inclusiveness, naturalness, diversity, and mixed functions. Through field research and literature review, the evaluation indicators of preschool children’s friendliness in community public spaces were refined, and a multidimensional perspective of community public space preschool children’s friendliness evaluation system was constructed (Table 4).
Based on the cognition of the community public space system, the factors that have an impact on the community public space friendliness of preschool children are summarized from the three dimensions of space, service, and culture, and the safety, tolerance, naturalness, and diversity are summarized, as well as the five principles of sex and function mixing, and then through the construction of classes, aiming at the friendliness of preschool children in the community public space, taking safety, inclusiveness, naturalness, diversity, and functional mixing as the criteria, from space, service, and culture. It is divided into three dimensions, with 49 items such as plant safety, street sharing, and participation of preschool children as detailed evaluation layers. The Analytic Hierarchy Process is used to construct a multidimensional perspective of preschool children’s community public space friendliness evaluation system.
5.5. Evaluation Method of the Friendliness of Preschool Children’s Community Public Space Based on a Multidimensional Perspective
5.5.1. Determination of Weight
Through the two-by-two comparison of indicators at the criterion level, subcriteria level, and detailed evaluation level, the importance assignment rule (Table 5) is used to determine the degree of importance.
Using the Delphi expert consultation method, multiple experts are invited to score the indicators. Using the analytic hierarchy process, the judgment matrix scored by the experts is calculated. Then, divide the weights of the experts equally to get the weights of all levels of indicators (Tables 6 and 7).
5.6. Evaluation Method of Friendliness
Based on the actual situation, the evaluation set of preschool children’s friendliness in public space is given as: M=(M1, M2, M3, M4, M5)=(excellent, good, medium, poor, poor), five points into full marks, and the community. The evaluation of the friendliness of preschool children in public spaces is divided into 5 levels, using the arithmetic scoring method Wj=(i+1-j)5/i, j = 1, 2, 3, 4, ..., I, so excellent (4–5), good (3–4), medium (2–3), poor (1–2), bad (0–1), that is, W=(5, 4, 3, 2, 1).
Through the questionnaire survey, the indicators of the detailed evaluation layer are scored. The scoring standard is the friendliness Ci = (5, 4, 3, 2, 1) = (Excellent, Good, Medium, Poor, Bad) (i = 1, 2, …, n), take the average of the questionnaire results to get the index value.
Determine the evaluation value of indicators at all levels, according to the formula:
The criterion level index score A = ΣCiBj (j = 1, 2, ..., n) (where Ci is the detailed evaluation level index score and Bj is the corresponding weight value).
The friendliness of preschool children in community public space (where Ai is the index value of the criterion level, and Bi is the corresponding weight value).
Calculate the friendliness of preschool children in community public space: excellent (4–5), good (3–4), medium (2–3), poor (1–2), poor (0–1), and then combined evaluation. As a result, we conducted an in-depth analysis of the different factors with low scores on the spatial dimension, service dimension, and cultural dimension of the community’s public space, perfected the construction of a community with poor friendliness for preschool children, and provided the creation of a public space in a friendly community for preschool children in the future, strategy guidance.
6. Conclusion
Through in-depth exploration of the background of wireless communication and artificial intelligence technology, this article puts forward the following suggestions for the construction of a child-friendly space.(1)Through the classification of the community public space system and the analysis of the needs of preschool children, the factors affecting the friendliness of preschool children in the community public space are obtained.(2)Through the inductive analysis of influencing factors, the 5 principles that affect the friendliness of preschool children in community public spaces and 49 detailed evaluation factors based on the dimensions of space, service, and culture are obtained.(3)Combining the characteristics of preschool children and the behaviors of their caregivers, the evaluation basis of influencing factors in line with the friendliness of preschool children in community public spaces was developed.(4)Starting from the inherent needs of preschool children, and fully considering the needs of three dimensions in the construction of community public spaces, it will definitely increase the friendliness of preschool children in community public spaces. Based on the evaluation of the friendliness of preschool children in the public space of the community, analyze the elements of the lack of friendliness of preschool children in the community and provide suggestions for the construction of a friendly community for preschool children in the future.
Community public space is one of the most important places for children living in cities to play collectively. Using the development of wireless communication and artificial intelligence technology to construct a multidimensional monitoring system will help make the community public space more friendly to preschool children, create a community public space that is friendly to preschool children, and better implement the concept of preschool children. Through the establishment and testing of the multidimensional evaluation system, the scientific weight determination of the indicators of various community public spaces is carried out, so as to construct a friendly space framework that meets the needs of community residents and highlights the importance of safety, comprehensiveness, and diversity. In the future research, we will focus on the arrangement, design, and utilization of specific facilities, so that the research results have better practical reference value.
Data Availability
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.