We consider an inverse problem for partial differential equation with nonlinear conductivity
term in one-dimensional space within a finite interval. In the considered problem, a temperature
history is unknown in a boundary of domain. The homotopy perturbation technique is
used. Moreover, we have presented a numerical example.

Ali Zakeri

Q. Jannati

An Inverse Problem for Parabolic Partial Differential Equations with  Nonlinear Conductivity Term

The present study describes the daily activities of the Oriental hornet (Vespa orientalis) workers older than 48 hours as observed in an Artificial Breeding Box (ABB) in our laboratory at the peak of the active season. These workers were picked randomly from a population of a single nest that was enabled to free egress into the field. The study points to the existence of polyethism in the nest of V. orientalis with the adult worker hornets, separating them into three groups in accordance with the frequency and nature of their exits from the nest, and the tasks which they perform. This polyethism was not age-dependent. Recordings were made of the following vespine activities: the frequency of exits to the field during various hours of the day and the various roles undertaken by the hornets. Also investigated was the assignment of tasks among the hornets and the preference given to some tasks over others. The general organization of traffic and other movements in the colony is discussed.

Stanislav Volynchik

Marian Plotkin

David J. Bergman

Jacob S. Ishay

Polyethism in an Oriental Hornet (Vespa orientalis) Colony

The aim of this study is to find out how honey influences the activities of the enzymes involved in energy metabolism during wound healing. Carbohydrate metabolism is the main source of energy for skin cells during wound healing. Since honey is full of sugars, and hence a rich source of energy, we have investigated the efficacy of honey on energy metabolism during wound healing in rats. A total number of 48 animals were used. From these, 24 animals were divided into two groups, control and experimental. Full thickness excision wounds were made on the back of rats. The control rats were left untreated. The experimental rats received 500 &#x2009;<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>&#x03BC;</mml:mi></mml:math>L of honey topically, once daily, for 12 days. Six animals from each group were sacrificed on different time point intervals like 4, 8, and 12 days. The remaining 12 animals were used to evaluate the contraction and epithelialization. The activities of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogense, lactate dehydrogenase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were measured in the granulation tissue. A marked increase in the activities of all the glycolytic enzymes in the experimental wounds when compared to control suggests that honey could provide sufficient energy for cellular activity needed for the repair process.

M. Sumitra

P. Manikandan

V. S. Gayathri

L. Suguna

Influence of Honey on Energy Metabolism during Wound Healing in Rats

We herein report on the successful surgical treatment of Crohn&#39;s disease with enteroliths formed in the ileum. A 58-year-old man presented with abdominal colicky pain, and long-standing constipation. He was diagnosed as ileus due to enteroliths and was initially managed conservatively, but improvement was not observed either clinically or on radio imaging. We, therefore, performed a laparotomy, which revealed Crohn&#39;s disease with enteroliths in the ileum. Because the enteroliths in the ileum were not mobile and could not be broken manually, we carried out a segmental bowel resection with the removal of the enteroliths. The pathology report revealed Crohn&#39;s disease with enteroliths. Intestinal obstruction caused by enteroliths associated with Crohn&#39;s disease occurs rarely, and is difficult to be diagnosed and managed.

Ichiro Akagi

Masao Miyashita

Masayoshi Hashimoto

Hiroshi Makino

Tsutomu Nomura

Nobutoshi Hagiwara

Ken Takahashi

Takashi Tajiri

Enterolith Small-Bowel Obstruction Caused by Crohn&#39;s Disease

We report two cases of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, in immunocompetent patients without nasal cavity involvement. In the two cases, the initial presumptive diagnosis was tuberculosis and there was a rapid dissemination of the tumor with short survival after the hospital admittance. An autopsy was performed showing infiltration in several organs including lymph nodes and mesenteric and retroperitoneal fat. Histological sections showed an angiocentric and angiodestructive growth pattern and the immunophenotype was CD45+, CD3+ (cytoplasmic), as well as Granzyme B+ and EBV+. However, CD56 expression was only positive in a case in which the molecular study showed T-cell gene rearrangement with monoclonal appearance and associated with hemophagocytic syndrome. These cases represent rare examples of NK/T-cell lymphoma disseminated outside the nasal cavity highly aggressive that lead to the rapid death of the patients.

Fernando Cobo

Clara Chamorro

Francisco Ramos

&#193;ngel Concha

Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma without Nasal Cavity Involvement Associated with Epstein-Barr Virus: A Multimodality-Based Diagnosis of Two Cases

We examined the effects of noise on acquisition and retention of the spatial memory task in equal and unequal context in adult male rats. The natural noise in Azadi football stadium was recorded and measured by sound level meter instrument and set in high (HI), moderate (MI), and low (LI) intensities, 86, 64, and 47 decibels A (dbA), respectively. Rats were trained in Morris water maze (MWM) for 3-consecutive-day program and at day 4 visible and probe tests were done under one of the above noise intensities. The retention was evaluated at day 7 on the basis of equal and unequal noise exposure situation. Escape latency, traveled distance, and swimming speed were recorded and used for subsequent analysis. Our results showed significant increases in the escape latency and traveled distance by increasing the noise intensity during acquisition period, and also retention test in equal noise situation. Furthermore, retention test in the group that was under HI noise during both training period and retention test escape latency and traveled distance compared to the groups which was under HI noise during training period and LI or MI noise during retention test (HI-LI or HI-MI).

Mohammad Ali Gheraat

Nasser Naghdi

Bahram Jalaei

Pouneh Mokhtari

Farid Rezaei Moghadam

Elaheh Soleimannejad

Leila Eidi Abarghani

Impairment of Spatial Performance by Environmental Noise

Recently the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with cancer has been demonstrated, suggesting an involvement of autoimmune response in neoplastic conditions. The presence of antiphospholipid antibodies in tumor disease is highly correlated with the risk of developing thrombotic complications, which represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. Interestingly, it has been highlighted that high levels of IgM and IgG anticardiolipin antibodies are more often produced in patients with gastroenteric tumor than in patients with either ovarian or breast tumor. Thus far, there are no data looking into the role or measurements of IgA in patients with solid cancer. Our preliminary results, in this study, demonstrate that testing only for IgG and IgM anticardiolipin antibodies may increase the incidence of false positive because 44&#37; who were IgA positive and IgG and IgM negative had high titres of CA19.9 and CEA. We suggest that taking into account the role of IgA could substantially improve the detection of antiphospholipids antibodies in subjects with solid cancer, and this detection may allow us for better prevention and management of thrombotic complications in these patients.

Ilaria Bernardini

Luca Pugliese

Eugenio Pacifico

Mariapia Viola-Magni

Elisabetta Albi

IgA Anticardiolipin in Patients with Gastroenteric Tumor

We investigate the impact of the general relativistic gravitoelectromagnetic forces on hyperbolic orbits around a massive spinning body. The gravitomagnetic field, causing the 
well-known Lense-Thirring precessions of elliptic orbits, is generated by the spin S of the central body. It deflects and displaces the trajectories differently according to the mutual orientation of S and the orbital angular momentum L of the test particle. The gravitoelectric force, which induces the Einstein precession of the perihelion of the orbit of Mercury, always deflects the trajectories inward irrespective of the L&#x02212;S orientation. We numerically compute their effect on the range <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>r</mml:mi></mml:math>, radial and transverse components <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mi>v</mml:mi><mml:mi>r</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mi>v</mml:mi><mml:mi>&#x03C4;</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:math> of the velocity, and speed <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>v</mml:mi></mml:math> of the NEAR spacecraft at its closest approach with the Earth in January 1998 when it experienced an anomalous increase of its asymptotic outgoing velocity <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>v</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>&#x221E;</mml:mi><mml:mtext>o</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>13.46</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.01</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math>&#x2009;mm <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>sec</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>; while the gravitoelectric force was modeled in the software used to process the NEAR data, this was not done for the gravitomagnetic one. The range rate and the speed are affected by general relativistic gravitoelectromagnetism at <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mn>10</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math> (gravitoelectric) to <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mn>10</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>5</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math> (gravitomagnetic) mm <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>sec</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math> levels. The changes in the range are of the order of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mn>10</mml:mn><mml:mrow><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:math> (gravitomagnetic) to <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mn>10</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math> (gravitoelectric) mm.

Lorenzo Iorio

The Effect of General Relativity on Hyperbolic Orbits and Its Application to the Flyby Anomaly

A wide-beam area X-ray source has been proposed as a practical replacement for synchrotron sources in clinical DEI applications. Due to a wide X-ray illumination area, a decrease in X-ray flux is expected and thus high electron beam currents up to 3A are considered. To ensure the target performance without deterioration, melting, cracking, or even evaporation, an active cooling system is required for the target block in order to remove the heat and allow for sufficient scanning time. In this study, jet cooling of the target back is investigated for a prototype proof-of-principle target. The prototype target was simulated with the transient k-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>&#x0025B;</mml:mi></mml:math> turbulence multiphysics model in ANSYS CFX. The simulations were conducted at a heat flux of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1.8</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00D7;</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mn>10</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mn>7</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>&#x2009;W/<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mtext>m</mml:mtext><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>, consistent with values anticipated for a full scale target. The simulation results show that the target temperature exceeds the copper melting point in 2 seconds at inlet velocities below 2&#x2009;m/s. Also, critical heat flux calculations show that a 1.5&#x2009;m/s inlet velocity at atmospheric pressure is a lower limit for prevention of target burnout using water as a coolant. Inlet velocities in excess of 2&#x2009;m/s allows for steady-state operation while satisfying all thermal design constraints.

Chang H. Kim

J. Michael Doster

Mohamed A. Bourham

Wide-Beam X-Ray Source Target Thermal Management Simulation Using Inner Jet Cooling

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