The neutron depolarization technique is based on the loss of polarization of a polarized neutron beam
after transmission through ferromagnetic substances. This loss, caused by Larmor precession in
individual domains, determines the mean domain size, the mean square direction cosines of the
domains and the mean magnetization. The method is complementary to the neutron scattering
technique with respect to the size of the inhomogeneities to be determined and the dynamic range
accessible. Only the static applications of the method in studying domain structures are considered.
As examples will be treated metal foils under stress, oriented ferroxdur permanent magnets, soft
ferrites, recording tapes and thin films. In most of these examples magnetic correlations between
neighbouring domains are subject of study.

M. Th. Rekveldt

Neutron Depolarization in Submicron Ferromagnetic Materials

The magnetic properties of fine particle systems are strongly dependent on two types of texture. The
first is an orientational texture characteristic of the angular dispersion of the easy anisotropy axes and
the second is a spatial texture characteristic of the physical microstructure of the system. The effects of
texture on the properties of both fluid and solid dispersions of fine particles can be very pronounced.
The paper reviews some recent studies illustrating these effects, with particular emphasis on the
behaviour of recording media and magnetic fluids.

R. W. Chantrell

The Magnetic Properties of Textured Fine Particle Systems

A short survey is presented of techniques and methods used to correlate the texture with the magnetic
anisotropy of various properties of soft and hard magnetic materials. Also, examples of magnetic
materials are discussed with emphasis on techniques of processing which optimize the texture.

J. A. Szpunar

Anisotropy of Magnetic Properties in Textured Materials

The magnetic properties of ferromagnetic materials are closely related to the crystallographic texture,
i.e. the orientation distribution of the crystallites, they are, however, not uniquely determined by the
texture. Higher order &#x201C;textural quantities&#x201D; such as, for instance, orientation correlation functions are
additionally needed for a more complete description.The properties in saturation are uniquely determined by the texture. They can be expressed by a
fourth&#x2014;or sixth&#x2014;order approximation of the texture function which can be obtained by &#x201C;low
resolution&#x201D; texture measurements.On the other hand, magnetic anisotropy measurements can only provide a low-resolution
approximation to the texture function and not the complete function.The distribution of magnetization directions can be described by a &#x201C;magnetic texture&#x201D; which can be calculated from pole figures measured by neutron diffraction using the method of superposed pole
figures.

H. J. Bunge

Texture and Magnetic Properties

Editorial

A formulation for viscoplastic behavior of heterogeneous polycrystals is presented based upon the
familiar constructs of statistical continuum theory. The non-local interaction law is derived which
relates properties of the local velocity field to correlation functions of the local microstructure. It is
demonstrated that correlation functions, based upon the two-point orientation coherence function, are
required in a theory which considers first-order deviations from Taylor&#x27;s 1938 uniform strain (rate)
assumption. The evolution of the coherence function with deformation is also briefly considered.

Brent L. Adams

Gilles R. Canova

Alain Molinari

A Statistical Formulation of Viscoplastic Behavior in Heterogeneous Polycrystals

Generally only the 4th order ODF coefficients are deduced from the observed elastic anisotropy of
textured polycrystalline materials with cubic/orthorhombic symmetry. In this study, a method is
described for the prediction of the 4th and 6th order ODF coefficients from the elastic properties of
cold rolled and annealed steel sheets of 5 different types. In order to link these properties with the
texture, the elastic energy method of Bunge (1974) is employed. By estimating the volume fractions of
the principal preferred orientations and their gaussian spreads, ODF coefficients of the 4th (<mml:math id="E1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mtext>C</mml:mtext><mml:mn>4</mml:mn><mml:mrow><mml:mn>11</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:mrow></mml:math>, <mml:math id="E2" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mtext>C</mml:mtext><mml:mn>4</mml:mn><mml:mrow><mml:mn>12</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:mrow></mml:math> and <mml:math id="E3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mtext>C</mml:mtext><mml:mn>4</mml:mn><mml:mrow><mml:mn>13</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:mrow></mml:math>) and 6th (<mml:math id="E4" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mtext>C</mml:mtext><mml:mn>6</mml:mn><mml:mrow><mml:mn>11</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:mrow></mml:math>, <mml:math id="E5" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mtext>C</mml:mtext><mml:mn>6</mml:mn><mml:mrow><mml:mn>12</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:mrow></mml:math> and <mml:math id="E6" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mtext>C</mml:mtext><mml:mn>6</mml:mn><mml:mrow><mml:mn>14</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:mrow></mml:math>) orders can be successfully obtained. As a result, the planar r-value distribution can be predicted more accurately than when only the 4th order coefficients are
employed.

Kei Sakata

Dominique Daniel

John J. Jonas

Estimation of 4th and 6th Order ODF Coefficients From Elastic Properties in Cold Rolled Steel Sheets

Neutron diffraction in connection with a position-sensitive detector is a most
powerful technique in texture analysis comparable in time with conventional X-ray
laboratory technique. Neutrons measure the global texture of the sample allowing
volumes up to several cm3. By using position-sensitive detectors and applying the
mathematical procedures of profile analysis multiphase and low symmetry materials
can be investigated without serious difficulties. Neutron diffraction experiments
operating in transmission record complete diffraction profiles; overlapping lines are
unscrambled by profile analysis. Technical and physical specifications of the
dedicated detector JULIOS, installed on the texture diffractometer of Bonn
University, are given. A hematite ore has been studied by this technique and the
results are given.

G. Will

W. Sch&#xE4;fer

P. Merz

Texture Analysis by Neutron Diffraction Using a Linear Position Sensitive Detector

A technique for fast texture determination by neutron diffraction is described. With
the technique a complete texture analysis requires from 15 to 45 minutes measuring
time and the kinetics of the development in single texture components can be studied
with a time resolution of the order of seconds. It is shown how these two measuring
principles can be used for in-situ kinetic investigations of recrystallization. Independent
of speed, texture measurement by neutron diffraction has an advantage in
improved statistics which is examplified by a series of measurements on the early
stage of texture development in copper and brass.

Dorte Juul Jensen

Torben Leffers

Fast Texture Measurements Using a Position Sensitive Detector

The practical applicability of anomalous scattering and null-domain ghost corrections
for fibre textures is theoretically evaluated. For a hypothetical asymmetric orientation
distribution of quartz-like BPO4 highly absorpting crystals, slightly asymmetric
anomalous scattering pole figures are predicted. On the basis of projection relations
among orientation distribution functions and inverse pole figures, the special
characteristics of the null-domain method for fibre textures are discussed, with the
suggestion of a practical procedure to estimate (in favourable cases) an upper limit
for ghosts effects.

L. Fuentes

Anomalous Scattering and Null-Domain Ghost Corrections for Fibre Textures

Neutron diffraction methods for texture analysis are closely parallel to well-known
X-ray diffraction techniques. The chief advantage of neutron diffraction over X-ray
diffraction, however, arises from the fact that the interaction of neutrons with matter
is relatively weak, and consequently the penetration depth of neutrons is 102&#x2013;103
times larger than that of X-rays. Hence neutron diffraction is an efficient tool for
measuring textures in multi-phase systems. Based on the high transmission of a
neutron beam the effect of anisotropic absorption in multi-phase materials can be
neglected in most cases. Moreover, the analysis of bulk textures becomes possible,
such that textures in a wide variety of multi-phase systems can be studied which are
of special interest in engineering and science (metals, alloys, composites, ceramics
and geological specimens).

H.-G. Brokmeier

Neutron Diffraction Texture Analysis of Multi-Phase Systems

For the majority of isotopes the thermal neutron absorption cross section is two or
more orders lower than that for X-rays. This makes neutron diffraction well-suited
for bulk texture investigations. Some characteristics of neutron diffraction are
discussed. The principles of neutron time-of-flight diffraction are described. The pole
figure determination by means of TOF technique is considered. The main parameters
of the present Dubna texture facility are given. Further developments of the
experimental technique are considered. The application of the TOF technique for
inverse pole figure measurement is discussed as an approach to direct observation of
the texture forming process. The magnetic moments of neutrons can be used to study
magnetic textures. Two different techniques are discussed.

K. Feldmann

Texture Investigations by Neutron Time-of-Flight Diffraction

Neutron diffraction texture analysis is based on pole figure measurement followed by
pole figure inversion. Neutron diffraction pole figure measurement is quite similar to
that by X-rays. There are, however, several advantages in detail which are mainly
due to the lower absorption coefficient. Besides these quantitative differences, there
is one principle difference between the two methods. Neutron diffraction allows the
magnetic texture to be measured which is not possible by X-rays. The paper gives a
survey on the advantages of neutron diffraction texture analysis which are only
counteracted by the limited availability and higher costs of neutron diffraction.

Advantages of Neutron Diffraction in Texture Analysis

The relationship between the orientation distribution function (ODF) and the pole
figure is based on the geometry of projection lines in the orientation space.The paper presents an analytical description of the projection lines and their
transformations by symmetry operations. Using simple algebraical rules some
properties of the projection lines as well as some properties of the associated
projection lines (coupled due to the centrosymmetry of the pole figure) have been
derived.

A. Morawiec

J. Pospiech

Properties of Projection Lines in the Space of the Orientation Distribution Function

Layered iron&#x2013;silver sheet composites were prepared by hot extrusion and cold
rolling of powder mixtures of various compositions. These in-situ deformation
composites show a strong increase in Young&#x27;s Modulus on addition of silver to pure
iron and their elastic behaviour is anisotropic in the rolling plane. The deformation
dependence of Young&#x27;s Modulus as well as the planar anisotropy are discussed with a
new theory of Bunge, which covers the experimental findings sufficiently.

L. Ratke

Young&#x27;s Modulus of Iron&#x2013;Silver Sheet Composites

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Texture, Stress, and Microstructure