Bioactive Substances, Heavy Metals, and Antioxidant Activity in Whole Fruit, Peel, and Pulp of Citrus Fruits

Table 5

Content of heavy metals (μg/100 g) in citrus pulp (F), peel (P), and whole fruits (W).

Fruit/index	Part	Orange	Pomelo	Mandarin	Lemon	Key lime	Red grapefruit	Green grapefruit	White grapefruit
Lead	F	^d	^c	^e	^c	^b	^a	^b	^d
	P	^e	^a	^d	^de	^b	^a	^d	^c
	W	^f	^bc	^f	^de	^b	^a	^cd	^e
Cadmium	F	^d	^b	^d	^cd	^e	^d	^c	^a
	P	^c	^b	^c	^c	^c	^a	6^a	^b
	W	^de	^bc	^d	^de	^e	^c	^b	^a
Statistical analysis
F^1vs. P
Lead		0.422	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.003	<0.001
Cadmium		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.002
F^2vs. W
Lead		0.805	<0.001	<0.001	0.036	0.001	0.022	0.152	<0.001
Cadmium		0.004	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.213

^a,b,c,d,e,fValues in rows with different letters are significantly different at : F rows—superscript letters indicate statistically significant differences in heavy metal content in the pulp (F) between citrus cultivars; P rows—superscript letters indicate statistically significant differences in heavy metal content in the peel (P) between citrus cultivars. The results of two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). W rows—superscript letters indicate statistically significant differences in heavy metal content in whole fruit (W) between citrus cultivars. ^1,2Legend: see Table 1.