Chemical Constituents and Health Benefits of Four Chinese Plum Species

Table 1

Flavonoids compounds isolated and identified from different Prunus.

No.	Compounds	Sources	Ref.
1	Cyanidin-3-galactoside	P. cerasifera Ehrh., P. salicina Lindl.	[13–17]
2	Cyanidin-3-glucoside	P. cerasifera Ehrh., P. salicina Lindl., P. domestica L., P. spinosa L.	[13–15, 18–27]
3	Cyanidin-3-rutinoside	P. cerasifera Ehrh., P. salicina Lindl., P. domestica L., P. spinosa L.	[13–27]
4	Cyanidin-3-acetylglucoside	P. cerasifera Ehrh.	[13]
5	Cyanidin-3-xyloside	P. cerasifera Ehrh., P. domestica L.	[13, 23, 27]
6	Cyanidin-3-pentoside	P. spinosa L.	[21, 28]
7	Peonidin-3-rutinoside	P. spinosa L., P. domestica L.	[18, 21–25, 27]
8	Peonidin-3-glucoside	P. spinosa L., P. domestica L.	[19–25, 27]
9	Peonidin-3-acetylglucoside	P. spinosa L.	[21]
10	Afzelechin	P. cerasifera Ehrh., P. spinosa L.	[29, 30]
11	Epiafzelechin	P. cerasifera Ehrh., P. spinosa L.	[29–31]
12	(+)-Catechin	P. salicina Lindl., P. domestica L., P. cerasifera Ehrh., P. spinosa L.	[8, 15, 16, 24, 29–39]
13	(−)-Epicatechin	P. salicina Lindl., P. domestica L., P. spinosa L.	[15, 16, 24, 29–32, 35, 36, 38–42]
14	Epigallocatechin	P. spinosa L.	[30]
15	Gallocatechin	P. spinosa L.	[30]
16	Procyanidin B1	P. salicina Lindl., P. domestica L.	[15, 16, 35, 36, 39]
17	Procyanidin B2	P. salicina Lindl., P. domestica L.	[15, 16, 28, 35, 36, 39]
18	Epicatechin 3-O-gallate	P. domestica L.	[39]
19	Ent-epicatechin-(2α⟶O⟶7; 4α⟶8)-catechin	P. spinosa L.	[30, 31, 43]
20	Ent-epicatechin-(2α⟶O⟶7; 4α⟶8)-catechin 5,7,11,12,5′11′,12′-heptamethyl ether-3,3′-diacetate	P. spinosa L.	[31, 43]
21	Ent-epicatechin-(2α⟶O⟶7; 4α⟶8)-catechin-nona-acetate	P. spinosa L.	[43]
22	Ent-epigallocatechin-(2α⟶O⟶7; 4α⟶8)-epicatechin	P. spinosa L.	[30]
23	Ent-epicatechin-(2α⟶O⟶7; 4α⟶8)-epiafzelechin	P. spinosa L.	[30, 43, 44]
24	Ent-epicatechin-(2α⟶O⟶7; 4α⟶8)-epiafzelechin 7,12,5′,12′-tetramethyl ether	P. spinosa L.	[44]
25	Ent-epicatechin-(2α⟶O⟶7; 4α⟶8)-epicatechin	P. spinosa L., P. spinosa L.	[32, 36, 43]
26	Ent-epicatechin-(2α⟶O⟶7; 4α⟶8)-epicatechin 5,7,11,12,5′11′,12′-heptamethyl ether-3,3′-diacetate	P. spinosa L.	[43]
27	Ent-epicatechin-(2α⟶O⟶7; 4α⟶8)-epicatechin 7,11,12,5′11′,12′-hexamethyl ether-3,5,3′-triacetate	P. spinosa L.	[43]
28	Ent-epicatechin-(2α⟶O⟶7; 4α⟶8)-epicatechin-nona-acetate	P. spinosa L.	[43]
29	Ent-epiafzelechin-(2α⟶O⟶7; 4α⟶8)-epicatechin	P. spinosa L.	[30, 32, 43–45]
30	Ent-epiafzelechin-(2α⟶O⟶7; 4α⟶8)-epiafzelechin 7,12,5′,12′-tetramethyl ether-3,5,3′-triacetate	P. spinosa L.	[44]
31	Ent-epiafzelechin-(2α⟶O⟶7; 4α⟶8)-epiafzelechin-hepta-acetate	P. spinosa L.	[43, 44]
32	Ent-epiafzelechin-(2α⟶O⟶7; 4α⟶8)-epicatechin 7,12,5′,11′,12′-pentamethyl ether	P. spinosa L.	[44]
33	Ent-epiafzelechin-(2α⟶O⟶7; 4α⟶8)-epicatechin-octa-acetate	P. spinosa L.	[44]
34	Ent-epiafzelechin -(2α⟶O⟶7; 4α⟶8)-epicatechin 5,7,12,5′11′,12′-hexamethyl ether-3,3′-diacetate	P. spinosa L.	[43]
35	Ent-epiafzelechin-(2α⟶O⟶7; 4α⟶8)-epicatechin 7,12,5′11′,12′-pentamethyl ether-3,5,3′-triacetate	P. spinosa L.	[43]
36	Ent-epiafzelechin-(2α⟶O⟶7; 4α⟶8)-epicatechin-3′-O-gallate	P. spinosa L.	[30]
37	Ent-epicatechin-(2α⟶O⟶7; 4α⟶8)-epicatechin-3′-O-gallate	P. spinosa L.	[30]
38	Ent-epiafzelechin-(2α⟶O⟶7; 4α⟶8)-catechin	P. spinosa L.	[30, 45]
39	Ent-epiafzelechin-(2α⟶O⟶7; 4α⟶8)-catechin-octa-acetate	P. spinosa L.	[43]
40	Proanthocyanidin oligomer	P. domestica L.	[46]
41	Epicatechin-4,8′-epicatechin-4′,8″-epicatechin	P. domestica L.	[36]
42	Epicatechin-4,8′-epicatechin-(2′α⟶O⟶7′′; 4′α⟶8″)-epicatechin	P. domestica L.	[36]
43	Quercetin	P. spinosa L., P. domestica L., P. cerasifera Ehrh.	[28, 30–32, 36, 38, 47–50]
44	Quercetin-3-O-α-L-arabinofuranoside	P. spinosa L., P. spinosa L.	[32, 33, 47]
45	Quercetin-3-rutinoside	P. salicina Lindl., P. domestica L., P. cerasifera Ehrh., P. spinosa L.	[8, 15, 16, 21, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 35–39, 42, 49–55]
46	Quercetin-3-O-glucoside	P. salicina Lindl., P. domestica L., P. spinosa L.	[15–17, 19, 21, 22, 24, 26, 28, 35, 36]
47	Quercetin-3-O-xyloside	P. salicina Lindl., P. cerasifera Ehrh.	[15–17, 56]
48	Quercetin-3-O-arabinoside	P. salicina Lindl., P. domestica L., P. cerasifera Ehrh.	[15, 16, 24, 56]
49	Quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside	P. salicina Lindl., P. domestica L., P. cerasifera Ehrh.	[15, 16, 28, 32, 35, 36, 56]
50	Quercetinl-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyransoide	P. domestica L.	[32]
51	Quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactoside	P. salicina Lindl., P. domestica L., P. domestica L., P. cerasifera Ehrh.	[17, 19, 24, 26, 28, 32, 35, 36, 56]
52	Quercetin-3-O-α-D-xylopyranoside	P. domestica L.	[32]
53	Quercetin-3-O-α-D-glucopyranoside	P. domestica L.	[32]
54	Quercetin-pentoside	P. domestica L.	[28, 36, 39]
55	Quercetin-pentoside-rhamnoside	P. domestica L.	[36]
56	Quercetin pentosyl-hexoside	P. salicina Lindl., P. domestica L.	[15, 16, 39]
57	Quercetin pentosyl-pentoside	P. salicina Lindl.	[15, 16, 39]
58	Quercetin-acetylhexoside	P. salicina Lindl., P. domestica L.	[15, 16, 39]
59	Quercetin-deoxyhexose	P. domestica L.	[39]
60	Quercetin-3-O-(4″-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-α-L-rhamnopyransoide	P. domestica L.	[32]
61	Quercetin-3-O-(6″-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside(rutin)	P. spinosa L.	[32]
62	Quercetin-3-O-(2″-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-α-L-arabinofuranoside	P. spinosa L.	[32, 33, 47]
63	Hyperin	P. cerasifera Ehrh.	[50]
64	Kaempferol	P. spinosa L., P. domestica L., P. spinosa L., P. cerasifera Ehrh.	[30–33, 47–50, 57, 58]
65	Apigenin	P. cerasifera Ehrh.	[50]
66	Kaempferol-3-O-α-D-glucoside	P. cerasifera Ehrh.	[50, 56]
67	Kaempferol-3,7-di-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside	P. spinosa L.	[30–32, 47]
68	Kaempferol-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyransoide	P. spinosa L.	[32, 33, 47]
69	Kaempferol-3-O-α-L-arabinofuranoside-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyransoide	P. spinosa L.	[32, 33, 47]
70	Kaempferol-3-O-α-L-arabinofuranoside	P. spinosa L., P. cerasifera Ehrh.	[30, 32, 33, 47, 56]
71	Kaempferol-3-O-arabinoside-7-O-rhamnoside	P. spinosa L.	[30, 32]
72	Kaempferol-3-O-α-D-xylopyranoside-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyransoide(lepidoside)	P. spinosa L.	[32, 33]
73	Kaempferol-3-O-α-D-xylopyranoside	P. spinosa L., P. cerasifera Ehrh.	[32, 56]
74	Kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyransoide	P. spinosa L., P. cerasifera Ehrh.	[32, 33, 56]
75	Kaempferol-3-O-(2″-E-p-conmaroyl)-α-L-arabinofuranoside	P. spinosa L.	[32]
76	Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside	P. spinosa L.	[21, 28]
77	Kaempferol-3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyransoide	P. spinosa L.	[33]
78	5,4′-Dihydroxyflavone-7-O-α-D-glucoside	P. domestica L.	[59]
79	Kaempferol-hexoside	P. domestica L.	[28, 39]
80	Kaempferol-pentoside-rhamnoside	P. domestica L.	[28]
81	Kaempferol-pentoside	P. domestica L.	[28]
82	Kaempferol-3-O-(4″-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-α-L-rhamnopyransoide	P. spinosa L.	[32]
83	Kaempferol-3-O-(2″-E-p-conmaroyl)-α-L-arabinofuranoside-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyransoide	P. spinosa L.	[32, 33, 47]
84	Myricetin	P. salicina Lindl., P. domestica L.	[20, 35, 40, 48, 49]
85	Luteolin	P. spinosa L., P. cerasifera Ehrh.	[41, 50]
86	Luteolin-4′-O-α-D-glucoside	P. cerasifera Ehrh.	[50]
87	Prudomestin	P. domestica L.	[60]
88	3,5,7-Trihydroxy-4′-methoxyflavanone	P. domestica L.	[57]
89	Isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside	P. domestica L.	[24, 28, 35]
90	Isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside	P. domestica L.	[24, 26]
91	Isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside	P. domestica L.	[26]
92	Quercetin-4′-O-α-D-glucoside	P. cerasifera Ehrh.	[50]
93	Hesperetin	P. salicina Lindl.	[40]
94	Isosakuranetin	P. domestica L.	[60]
95	Dihydrokaempferide	P. domestica L.	[60]
96	Naringenin	P. domestica L.	[60]
97	3,5,7-Trihydroxy-8,4′-dimethoxyflavanone	P. domestica L.	[58, 60]
98	3,5,7-Trihydroxy-6,4′-dimethoxyflavanone	P. domestica L.	[59, 60]
99	5,7,4′-Trihydroxy-3-methoxyflavanone.	P. domestica L.	[60]
100	7,4′-Dimethylaromadendrin	P. domestica L.	[57]
101	5,7-Dihydroxy-4′-methoxy-dihydroflavonol	P. domestica L.	[57]
102	5,7-Dihydroxy-8,4′-dimeth-oxyllavonol	P. domestica L.	[57]
103	Dihydrokaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside	P. cerasifera Ehrh.	[56]
104	Dihydrokaempferol-3-O-α-D-glucoside	P. cerasifera Ehrh.	[56]
105	Prudomestiside A	P. domestica L.	[59]
106	Prudomestiside B	P. domestica L.	[59]
107	Purunuside A	P. domestica L.	[61]
108	Purunuside B	P. domestica L.	[61]
109	Purunuside C	P. domestica L.	[61]
110	Prunusins A	P. domestica L.	[58]
111	Prunusins B	P. domestica L.	[58]
112	Phloridzin	P. spinosa L., P. domestica L., P. cerasifera Ehrh.	[37]
113	5,2′-Dihydroxy-7,5′-dimethoxyflavanone	P. domestica L.	[59]